Opiate-like Substances in an Invertebrate, an Opiate Receptor on Invertebrate and Human Immunocytes, and a Role in Immunosuppression

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 1993 Dec 1

PMID 8248214

Citations 25

Authors

G B Stefano

A Digenis

S Spector

M K Leung

T V Bilfinger

M H MAKMAN

B Scharrer

N N Abumrad

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The presence of morphine-like and codeine-like substances was demonstrated in the pedal ganglia, hemolymph, and mantle tissues of the mollusc Mytilus edulis. The pharmacological activities of the endogenous morphine-like material resemble those of authentic morphine. Both substances were found to counteract, in a dose-dependent manner, the stimulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 alpha on human monocytes and Mytilus immunocytes, when added simultaneously to the incubation medium. The immunosuppressive effect of this opiate material expresses itself in a lowering of chemotactic activity, cellular velocity, and adherence. Codeine mimics the activity of authentic morphine, but only at much higher concentrations. Specific high-affinity receptor sites (mu 3) for morphine have been identified on human monocytes and Mytilus immunocytes. In Mytilus recovering from experimentally induced stress, the return of "altered" immunocytes to a more inactive state appears to be due to a significant rise in the content of morphine-like material in the pedal ganglia and hemolymph at this time. Thus, morphine may have a role in calming or terminating the state of immune alertness.

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