Is There a Danger in Delaying Radiotherapy in Childhood Medulloblastoma?

Approximately 45-50% of children with medulloblastoma are cured by conventional surgery and radiotherapy, but survivors may face severe late neuropsychological toxicity. Studies showing good partial responses to platinum-based chemotherapy in relapsed patients and the theoretical possibility of a therapeutic window immediately after surgery have prompted neoadjuvant treatment studies which are ongoing. However, the absolute benefit of chemotherapy for the treatment of medulloblastoma in childhood is, as yet, not proven. There is a danger that chemotherapy may simply delay radiotherapy, and in so doing reduce the radiological impact of this known effective treatment. We report four children with medulloblastoma presenting consecutively to this unit over a 6-month period, whose management was problematic because of either failure to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or their very young age. These cases are discussed in the light of the current literature and future treatment strategies that must seek to improve the therapeutic ratio of multimodality therapy.