Safety and Durability of Redo Carotid Endarterectomy for Recurrent Carotid Artery Stenosis

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent redo carotid endarterectomies during a 5-year period. Patients were followed by duplex ultrasound to assess late patency of the carotid artery. Reoperations for recurrent carotid stenosis were performed in 46 of 973 patients who had carotid endarterectomies (5%). Indications for surgery were hemispheric transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in 33 (72%) and asymptomatic greater than 80% stenosis in 13 (28%). Pathologic findings revealed that the cause of recurrence was myointimal hyperplasia in 11 patients (24%), with a mean recurrence interval of 12.8 postoperative months, and atherosclerosis in 35 (76%), with a mean recurrence interval of 84 postoperative months (P = 0.0002). Redo endarterectomy with patch angioplasty was used for reconstruction in 32 cases (70%), patch angioplasty alone in 11 (24%), and endarterectomy with primary closure in 3. There were 3 perioperative strokes (7%). Late follow-up (mean 30.9 months) revealed no strokes and 1 TIA. Of 40 patients, 34 (85%) were alive and stroke free. Although six late deaths occurred, none were stroke related. One patient (2%) had late significant second recurrent carotid stenosis. Redo carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic patients and asymptomatic high-grade stenosis is safe and durable.