Aspartate Aminotransferase and Glutaminase Activities in Rat Olfactory Bulb and Cochlear Nucleus; Comparisons with Retina and with Concentrations of Substrate and Product Amino Acids

Overview

Journal Neurochem Res

Specialties Chemistry
Neurology

Date 1994 Jun 1

PMID 7915016

Citations 5

Authors

D A Godfrey

C D ROSS

J A Parli

L Carlson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The quantitative distributions of aspartate aminotransferase and glutaminase were mapped in subregions of olfactory bulb and cochlear nucleus of rat, and were compared with similar data for retina and with the distributions of their substrate and product amino acids aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine. The distributions of both enzymes paralleled that of aspartate in the olfactory bulb and that of glutamate in the cochlear nucleus. In retina (excluding inner segments), there were similarities between aspartate aminotransferase and both glutamate and aspartate distributions. The distribution of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) was similar to those of both enzymes in olfactory bulb, to aspartate aminotransferase in cochlear nucleus, and to glutaminase in retina (excluding inner segments). The results are consistent with significant involvement of aspartate aminotransferase, especially the cytosolic isoenzyme, and glutaminase in accumulation of the neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate, aspartate, and GABA, although with preferential accumulation of different amino acids in different brain regions.

Citing Articles

Mapping and morphometric analysis of synapses and spines on fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Salloum R, Chen G, Velet L, Manzoor N, Elkin R, Kidd G Front Syst Neurosci. 2014; 8:167.

PMID: 25294990 PMC: 4172007. DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00167.

Co-localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase and phosphate-activated glutaminase in neurons of lateral reticular nucleus in feline thalamus.

Fisher R Neurochem Res. 2006; 32(2):177-86.

PMID: 16927169 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9126-7.

Phosphate-activated glutaminase and mitochondrial glutamine transport in the brain.

Kvamme E, Roberg B, Torgner I Neurochem Res. 2000; 25(9-10):1407-19.

PMID: 11059811 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007668801570.

Effects of high-potassium-induced depolarization on amino acid chemistry of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in rat brain slices.

Zheng L, Godfrey D, WALLER H, Godfrey T, Chen K, Sun Y Neurochem Res. 2000; 25(6):823-35.

PMID: 10944001 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007569508249.

Amino acid concentrations and selected enzyme activities in rat auditory, olfactory, and visual systems.

ROSS C, Godfrey D, Parli J Neurochem Res. 1995; 20(12):1483-90.

PMID: 8789612 DOI: 10.1007/BF00970598.

References

Dick E, LOWRY O . Distribution of glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate decarboxylase, and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase in rabbit and mudpuppy retinas. J Neurochem. 1984; 42(5):1274-80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02783.x. View

Martinez-Rodriguez R, Najera M, Gragera R, Tonda A, Fernandez A, Alonso M . Axonal and non-axonal immunolocalization of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAATase), GABA and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the rat cochlear nucleus. J Hirnforsch. 1992; 33(6):637-44. View

Wenthold R . Glutaminase and aspartate aminotransferase decrease in the cochlear nucleus after lesion of the auditory nerve. Brain Res. 1980; 190(1):293-7. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(80)91183-x. View

Magnusson K, Larson A, Madl J, Altschuler R, Beitz A . Co-localization of fixative-modified glutamate and glutaminase in neurons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: an immunohistochemical and immunoradiochemical analysis. J Comp Neurol. 1986; 247(4):477-90. DOI: 10.1002/cne.902470407. View

Hill D, Walters F, Wilson T, Stuart J . High performance liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the picomole range. Anal Chem. 1979; 51(8):1338-41. DOI: 10.1021/ac50044a055. View

Wurdig S, Kugler P . Histochemistry of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in the rat cerebellar cortex. Neurosci Lett. 1991; 130(2):165-8. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90388-a. View

Aoki C, Kaneko T, Starr A, Pickel V . Identification of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial glutaminase within select neurons and glia of rat forebrain by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. J Neurosci Res. 1991; 28(4):531-48. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490280410. View

Austin L, Recasens M, Mandel P . GABA in the olfactory bulb and olfactory nucleus of the rat: the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid decarboxylase, GABA transaminase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. J Neurochem. 1979; 32(5):1473-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb11087.x. View

Anderson K, Borja M, Cotman C, Moffett J, Namboodiri M, Neale J . N-acetylaspartylglutamate identified in the rat retinal ganglion cells and their projections in the brain. Brain Res. 1987; 411(1):172-7. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90696-2. View

10.

ROSS C, Bowers M, Godfrey D . Distributions of the activities of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in rat retinal layers. Neurosci Lett. 1987; 74(2):205-10. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90150-9. View

11.

Reubi J, Van Der Berg C, Cuenod M . Glutamine as precursor for the GABA and glutamate trasmitter pools. Neurosci Lett. 2009; 10(1-2):171-4. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(78)90030-7. View

12.

Gebhard R . Cytochemical demonstration of aspartate aminotransferase activity in the rat retina. Brain Res. 1991; 539(2):337-41. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91641-d. View

13.

Hertz L, Peng L . Energy metabolism at the cellular level of the CNS. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992; 70 Suppl:S145-57. DOI: 10.1139/y92-256. View

14.

Altschuler R, Neises G, Harmison G, Wenthold R, Fex J . Immunocytochemical localization of aspartate aminotransferase immunoreactivity in cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981; 78(10):6553-7. PMC: 349079. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6553. View

15.

Curthoys N, LOWRY O . The distribution of glutaminase isoenzymes in the various structures of the nephron in normal, acidotic, and alkalotic rat kidney. J Biol Chem. 1973; 248(1):162-8. View

16.

Chen E, Soderberg P, Lindstrom B . Lipid and protein density in the rat retina: a microradiographical study. Ophthalmic Res. 1991; 23(4):220-4. DOI: 10.1159/000267106. View

17.

Godfrey D, Bowers M, Johnson B, ROSS C . Aspartate aminotransferase activity in fiber tracts of the rat brain. J Neurochem. 1984; 42(5):1450-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02808.x. View

18.

ROSS C, Godfrey D . Distributions of aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase activities in rat retinal layers. J Histochem Cytochem. 1985; 33(7):624-30. DOI: 10.1177/33.7.4008916. View

19.

Wenthold R, Zempel J, Parakkal M, Reeks K, Altschuler R . Immunocytochemical localization of GABA in the cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig. Brain Res. 1986; 380(1):7-18. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91423-x. View

20.

Hirsch J, Oertel D . Synaptic connections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mice, in vitro. J Physiol. 1988; 396:549-62. PMC: 1192060. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp016977. View