Phylogenetic Study of Bisexual Artemia Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Study of polymorphisms in the eukaryotic genome is an important way to discover the evolutionary relationships between species. Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) offers a very interesting model for evolutionary studies. In fact the genus, distributed all over the world in hundreds of known biotopes, comprises both bisexual sibling species and parthenogenetic populations easily available from the Artemia Reference Center of Ghent. In spite of great interest in it and its extensive use in aquaculture, little is known about relationships between the different species and intraspecific populations. Recently it has been demonstrated that polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints generated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can distinguish between strains in many organisms. We have used this technique to estimate the phylogenetic relationships existing between 14 populations living in the American continent, in the Mediterranean area, and in China. The principal coordinate analysis (PCO) obtained from 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers indicates that the populations analyzed can be divided into homogeneous clusters representing the four known bisexual species--the American A. franciscana and A. persimilis, the Mediterranean A. salina, and the A. species from China.