Evolutionary Aspects of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone and Its Receptor

Overview

Journal Cell Mol Neurobiol

Publisher Springer

Specialties Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Neurology

Date 1995 Feb 1

PMID 7648610

Citations 11

Authors

J A King

R P Millar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally isolated as a hypothalamic peptide hormone that regulates the reproductive system by stimulating the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. However, during evolution the peptide was subject to gene duplication and structural changes, and multiple molecular forms have evolved. 2. Eight variants of GnRH are known, and at least two different forms are expressed in species from all vertebrate classes: chicken GnRH II and a second, unique, GnRH isoform. 3. The peptide has been recruited during evolution for diverse regulatory functions: as a neurotransmitter in the central and sympathetic nervous systems, as a paracrine regulator in the gonads and placenta, and as an autocrine regulator in tumor cells. 4. Evidence suggests that in most species the early-evolved and highly conserved chicken GnRH II has a neurotransmitter function, while the second form, which varies across classes, has a physiologic role in regulating gonadotropin release. 5. We review here evolutionary aspects of the family of GnRH peptides and their receptors.

Citing Articles

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Expression analysis of gnrh1 and gnrhr1 in spermatogenic cells of rat.

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