Alveolar Macrophages from Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Patients with Pulmonary Histiocytosis X: Determination of Phenotypic and Functional Changes

Overview

Journal Lung

Specialty Pulmonary Medicine

Date 1995 Jan 1

PMID 7616760

Citations 2

Authors

M Uebelhoer

B Bewig

K Sternberg

K Rabe

D Nowak

H Magnussen

J Barth

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In recent years the alveolar macrophage has been found to play a central role in interstitial lung disease. Pulmonary histiocytosis X is characterized by infiltrating fibroblasts, mononuclear cells, and CD-1-positive Langerhans cells. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid displays an increase of CD-1-positive cells and a remarkable exaggeration of the total cell count with only slight changes in the differential cell count. Changes of alveolar macrophage phenotype and functional activity occurring in pulmonary histiocytosis X have not yet been characterized. The BAL fluid of nine patients with histologically proven isolated pulmonary histiocytosis X was compared with that of 16 control patients. Immunophenotyping of alveolar macrophages by monoclonal maturation and differentiation markers of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells [Ki-M2, Ki-M6 (CD-68), Ki-M8, Ki-M1 (CD-11c)] revealed a significant increase of immature macrophages with a more monocyte-like phenotype. The proliferation marker Ki-67 revealed an increased proportion of proliferating macrophages. Functional analysis by measuring oxygen radical release revealed an increase both in baseline and stimulated luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Fibronectin production was elevated in alveolar macrophage supernatants from pulmonary histiocytosis X patients. These findings are consistent with phenotypic changes of alveolar macrophages in other interstitial lung diseases such as sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Local proliferation and the fresh influx of blood monocytes seem to be responsible for the increase in immature and functionally activated alveolar macrophages. The increase in oxygen radical release and fibronectin production suggests an augmented tissue injuring and fibrosing capacity of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary histiocytosis X.

Citing Articles

[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis].

Popper H Pathologe. 2015; 36(5):451-7.

PMID: 26289803 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0052-9.

The diagnosis, assessment and treatment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease in adults. Introduction.

Thorax. 2000; 54 Suppl 1:S1-14.

PMID: 11006787 PMC: 1765921. DOI: 10.1136/thx.54.suppl_1.s1.

References

Weissler J . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: cellular and molecular pathogenesis. Am J Med Sci. 1989; 297(2):91-104. DOI: 10.1097/00000441-198902000-00005. View

Kreipe H, Radzun H, Heidorn K, Barth J, Petermann W, Gerdes J . Proliferation, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-receptor expression of alveolar macrophages in active sarcoidosis. Lab Invest. 1990; 62(6):697-703. View

Albert R, EMBREE L, McFeely J, Hickstein D . Expression and function of beta 2 integrins on alveolar macrophages from human and nonhuman primates. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992; 7(2):182-9. DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/7.2.182. View

Parwaresch M, Radzun H, Kreipe H, Hansmann M, Barth J . Monocyte/macrophage-reactive monoclonal antibody Ki-M6 recognizes an intracytoplasmic antigen. Am J Pathol. 1986; 125(1):141-51. PMC: 1888444. View

Muller-Quernheim J, Pfeifer S, Mannel D, Strausz J, FERLINZ R . Lung-restricted activation of the alveolar macrophage/monocyte system in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992; 145(1):187-92. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/145.1.187. View

. Technical recommendations and guidelines for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Report of the European Society of Pneumology Task Group. Eur Respir J. 1989; 2(6):561-85. View

Kreipe H, Radzun H, Parwaresch M . Phenotypic differentiation patterns of the human monocyte/macrophage system. Histochem J. 1986; 18(8):441-50. DOI: 10.1007/BF01675337. View

OConnor C, Odlum C, van Breda A, Power C, Fitzgerald M . Collagenase and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1988; 43(5):393-400. PMC: 461260. DOI: 10.1136/thx.43.5.393. View

Melis M, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E, Malizia G, Spatafora M . Increased expression of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by alveolar macrophages of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 1991; 100(4):910-6. DOI: 10.1378/chest.100.4.910. View

10.

Barth J, Entzian P, Petermann W . Increased release of free oxygen radicals by phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing cells from patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis as revealed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Klin Wochenschr. 1988; 66(7):292-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF01727514. View

11.

Pforte A, Gerth C, Voss A, Beer B, Haussinger K, Jutting U . Proliferating alveolar macrophages in BAL and lung function changes in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 1993; 6(7):951-5. View

12.

Striz I, Wang Y, Svarcova I, Trnka L, Sorg C, Costabel U . The phenotype of alveolar macrophages and its correlation with immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage. Eur Respir J. 1993; 6(9):1287-94. View

13.

Barth J, Kreipe H, Radzun H, Heidorn K, Petermann W, Bewig B . Increased expression of growth factor genes for macrophages and fibroblasts in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of a patient with pulmonary histiocytosis X. Thorax. 1991; 46(11):835-8. PMC: 1021039. DOI: 10.1136/thx.46.11.835. View

14.

Gerdes J, Lemke H, Baisch H, Wacker H, Schwab U, STEIN H . Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. J Immunol. 1984; 133(4):1710-5. View

15.

Barth J, Kreipe H, Radzun H, Parwaresch M, Petermann W . Diminished activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in alveolar macrophages from patients with active sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1988; 43(11):901-4. PMC: 461553. DOI: 10.1136/thx.43.11.901. View

16.

Kelley J . Cytokines of the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990; 141(3):765-88. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/141.3.765. View

17.

Radzun H, Kreipe H, Bodewadt S, Hansmann M, Barth J, Parwaresch M . Ki-M8 monoclonal antibody reactive with an intracytoplasmic antigen of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Blood. 1987; 69(5):1320-7. View

18.

Crystal R, Bitterman P, Rennard S, HANCE A, Keogh B . Interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. Disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310(4):235-44. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198401263100406. View

19.

HANCE A . Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: dendritic cells and Langerhans' cells. Eur Respir J. 1993; 6(8):1213-20. View

20.

Soler P, Moreau A, Basset F, HANCE A . Cigarette smoking-induced changes in the number and differentiated state of pulmonary dendritic cells/Langerhans cells. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989; 139(5):1112-7. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.5.1112. View