Does the Potential for Development of Streptokinase Antibodies Change the Risk-benefit Ratio in Older Patients?

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), quick initiation of thrombolytic therapy is the best strategy for improvement of survival and reduction of morbidity. Streptokinase, a purified product of haemolytic streptococci, is the most commonly administered agent. The compound anistreplase (a complex of streptokinase to plasminogen), is available but currently not often used. The non-antigenic competitor for these two compounds for the indication of MI is alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rt-PA). Due to former use of streptokinase or its derivative anistreplase, patients may develop specific antibodies to the foreign protein, whereas cross-reacting antibodies may be due to streptococcal infections. These antibodies may neutralise streptokinase or its derivative in case of (re)administration and may mediate adverse events, sometimes serious. Since advanced age by itself is certainly not a contraindication to thrombolytic therapy, and because reinfarction occurs frequently, the benefit-risk ratio of re-exposure to streptokinase or its derivative is decreased in the elderly who present with reinfarction. In the framework of tailored thrombolytic therapy, alteplase or urokinase appear to be the drugs of choice in these patients.