Anticoagulant Protein C Activity in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetic Patients with Normoalbuminuria and Microalbuminuria

Overview

Journal Acta Diabetol

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 1995 Jun 1

PMID 7579530

Citations 4

Authors

M Veglio

G Gruden

A Mormile

M Girotto

P Rossetto

P DEste

P Cavallo-Perin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk which is not completely explained by an excess of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. A depression of physiologic inhibitors of blood coagulation could contribute to a thrombophilic state and to cardiovascular complications: data on protein C in diabetic patients are controversial, and no information exists about protein C activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients or its relation to the microalbuminuric state. The aim of this study was to assess protein C activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria. Protein C activity was determined (Protein C Reagent, Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) in 29 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (group A, > 20 micrograms/min), 33 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (group B), and in 36 non-diabetic healthy blood donors as a control group (group C). The groups were matched for sex, and no difference in age, body mass index, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin or known duration of diabetes was observed between groups A and B. Protein C activity was similar in the three groups (mean +/- SD): group A, 106.9% +/- 25.2%; group B, 109.3% +/- 27.6%; group C, 103.1% +/- 18.9%; F value 0.58, NS. Protein C activity did not correlate significantly with body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, known duration of diabetes, age or albumin excretion rate in any of the groups or in the diabetic patients as a whole. No significant difference in protein C activity was observed in patients taking other therapy (diet, oral agents, insulin).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Citing Articles

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanism of HuangZhi YiShen Capsule for Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Zhou X, Zhou W, Liu W, Luo M, Wu X, Wang Y J Transl Int Med. 2021; 9(2):98-113.

PMID: 34497749 PMC: 8386324. DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0020.

Visceral obesity and hemostatic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: the effect of gender and metabolic compensation.

Kozek E, Katra B, Malecki M, Sieradzki J Rev Diabet Stud. 2007; 1(3):122-8.

PMID: 17491674 PMC: 1783547. DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2004.1.122.

Urinary albumin excretion is correlated to fibrinogen levels and protein S activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without overt diabetic nephropathy.

Lengyel Z, Voros P, Toth L, Nemeth C, Kammerer L, Mihaly M Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004; 116(7-8):240-5.

PMID: 15143863 DOI: 10.1007/BF03041054.

Physiological inhibitors of blood coagulation and prothrombin fragment F 1 + 2 in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy.

Mormile A, Veglio M, Gruden G, Girotto M, Rossetto P, DEste P Acta Diabetol. 1996; 33(3):241-5.

PMID: 8904933 DOI: 10.1007/BF02048551.

References

Deckert T, Kofoed-Enevoldsen A, Norgaard K, Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Jensen T . Microalbuminuria. Implications for micro- and macrovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1992; 15(9):1181-91. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.15.9.1181. View

Vigano S, Mannucci P, DAngelo A, Gelfi C, Gensini G, Rostagno C . Protein C antigen is not an acute phase reactant and is often high in ischemic heart disease and diabetes. Thromb Haemost. 1984; 52(3):263-6. View

Kwaan H . Changes in blood coagulation, platelet function, and plasminogen-plasmin system in diabetes. Diabetes. 1992; 41 Suppl 2:32-5. DOI: 10.2337/diab.41.2.s32. View

Fuller J, Keen H, Jarrett R, Omer T, Meade T, Chakrabarti R . Haemostatic variables associated with diabetes and its complications. Br Med J. 1979; 2(6196):964-6. PMC: 1596588. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6196.964. View

Yarnell J, Sweetnam P, Elwood P, Eastham R, Gilmour R, OBrien J . Haemostatic factors and ischaemic heart disease. The Caerphilly study. Br Heart J. 1985; 53(5):483-7. PMC: 481797. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.53.5.483. View

Clouse L, Comp P . The regulation of hemostasis: the protein C system. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314(20):1298-304. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198605153142006. View

Biondi G, Sorano G, Conti M, Mameli G, Cirillo R, Marongiu F . The behaviour of protein C in diabetes is still an open question. Thromb Haemost. 1991; 66(2):267-8. View

Clauss A . [Rapid physiological coagulation method in determination of fibrinogen]. Acta Haematol. 1957; 17(4):237-46. DOI: 10.1159/000205234. View

Schernthaner G, Vukovich T, Knobl P, Hay U, Muller M . The effect of near-normoglycaemic control on plasma levels of coagulation factor VII and the anticoagulant proteins C and S in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Br J Haematol. 1989; 73(3):356-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb07752.x. View

10.

Garcia Frade L, de la Calle H, Torrado M, Lara J, Cuellar L, Garcia Avello A . Hypofibrinolysis associated with vasculopathy in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Thromb Res. 1990; 59(1):51-9. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(90)90270-m. View

11.

Martinoli J, Stocker K . Fast functional protein C assay using Protac, a novel protein C activator. Thromb Res. 1986; 43(3):253-64. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(86)90145-3. View

12.

Knobl P, Fischer P, Kaliman J, Vukovich T . Plasma levels of protein C and protein S in patients with vasculopathy. Thromb Res. 1987; 45(6):857-63. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90096-x. View

13.

Tait R, Walker I, Islam S, MCCALL F, Conkie J, Wight M . Protein C activity in healthy volunteers--influence of age, sex, smoking and oral contraceptives. Thromb Haemost. 1993; 70(2):281-5. View

14.

Baker I, Eastham R, Elwood P, Etherington M, OBrien J, Sweetnam P . Haemostatic factors associated with ischaemic heart disease in men aged 45 to 64 years. The Speedwell study. Br Heart J. 1982; 47(5):490-4. PMC: 481167. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.47.5.490. View

15.

Gruden G, Cavallo-Perin P, Bazzan M, Stella S, Vuolo A, Pagano G . PAI-1 and factor VII activity are higher in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetes. 1994; 43(3):426-9. DOI: 10.2337/diab.43.3.426. View

16.

Schmitz A, Ingerslev J . Haemostatic measures in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabet Med. 1990; 7(6):521-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01435.x. View

17.

Ceriello A, Quatraro A, dello Russo P, Marchi E, Barbanti M, Milani M . Protein C deficiency in insulin-dependent diabetes: a hyperglycemia-related phenomenon. Thromb Haemost. 1990; 64(1):104-7. View

18.

Carmassi F, Morale M, Puccetti R, De Negri F, Monzani F, Navalesi R . Coagulation and fibrinolytic system impairment in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Thromb Res. 1992; 67(6):643-54. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90068-l. View

19.

Iwashima Y, Sato T, Watanabe K, Ooshima E, Hiraishi S, Ishii H . Elevation of plasma thrombomodulin level in diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 1990; 39(8):983-8. DOI: 10.2337/diab.39.8.983. View

20.

Takahashi H, Tatewaki W, Wada K, Shibata A . Plasma protein S in disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease, collagen disease, diabetes mellitus, and under oral anticoagulant therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 1989; 182(2):195-208. DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(89)90078-8. View