Flash Visual Evoked Response Binocular Summation in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Early-onset Esotropia Before and After Surgery

Flash visual evoked responses were recorded and visual evoked response binocular summation was assessed in normal children between the ages of 1 and 58 months, in normal adults and in children with early-onset esotropia before and longitudinally for 1 year after surgical binocular alignment. Normal flash visual evoked response binocular summation started in the range of facilitation (> 2.0) at 1 month of age and decreased to adult levels by 3.7 months of age. The shape of the flash visual evoked response binocular summation function obtained from the patients with early-onset esotropia, appeared similar to that of normal subjects; however, the rapid decrease in flash visual evoked response binocular summation from facilitation to normal adult levels occurred after surgical binocular alignment. In normal adults, flash visual evoked response binocular summation was significantly reduced by a 40-diopter base-in prism, suggesting that binocular misalignment was not the reason for the facilitation in flash visual evoked response binocular summation in either childhood population. It is proposed that this facilitation may reflect a process that leads to binocularity and that develops rapidly with binocular alignment.