Cross-sectional Relationship Between Diet and Physical Activity in Two Southeastern New England Communities

The hypothesis that health promotive diets associated with higher levels of habitual physical activity confound the relationship between regular physical activity and health has not been well explored in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated self-reported physical activity, Willett Food Frequency dietary data, sociodemographic and physiologic factors cross-sectionally for 2,004 household survey participants in two southeastern New England communities. We compared the dietary habits of sedentary participants (n = 964) to those of moderately active (n = 600) and very active (n = 440) participants after adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking status, year of survey, and total calories. Our results showed that moderately active and very active participants consumed more fiber, less total fat, and less saturated fat than sedentary participants (P < .01). They also consumed more vitamins (A, C, D, E), beta carotene, and calcium, (P < .01), and ate more fruits and vegetables (P < .001) than sedentary participants. We found these relationships in both New England communities studied. This association between regular physical activity and diet suggests that the relationship of habitual physical activity and chronic disease may be confounded by diet.