Genetic Studies on Capsid-length Determination in Bacteriophage T4. II. Genetic Evidence That Specific Protein-protein Interactions Are Involved

A bacteriophage T4 mutation (ptg19-80c) located in gene 23, which encodes the major structural protein of the T4 capsid, results in the production of capsids of abnormal length. Mutations outside gene 23 which partially suppress ptg19-80c have been described in the accompanying paper (D. H. Doherty, J. Virol. 43:641-654, 1982). Characterization of these suppressors was extended. A complementation test suggested that the suppressors were in genes 22 and 24. These genes coded for the major component of the morphogenetic core of the capsid precursor and the vertex protein of the capsid, respectively. The suppressor mutations were found to have no obvious phenotype in the absence of ptg19-80c. Suppression was shown to be allele specific: other ptg mutations at different sites in gene 23 were not suppressed by the suppressors of ptg19-80c. These results indicated that specific interactions among the three proteins gp22, gp23, and gp24 may play a role in the regulation of T4 capsid-length determination. Current models for capsid-length determination are considered in the light of these results.