Reversal of Fentanyl Induced Spasm of the Sphincter of Oddi

We believe it is advisable to avoid narcotics, if possible, in patients with known or suspected gallbladder disease. Occasionally, however, this will not be possible, and narcotic induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi may require treatment. Except for the stated contraindications of glucagon administration, it seems to be based upon this study and other available data that glucagon is just as effective as naloxone in reversing spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and may be associated with fewer undesirable effects, such as reversal of analgesia and adverse hemodynamic changes. Anticholingergic drugs in man have proved to be of minimal or no benefit in this regard.