Comparison of Slide Agglutination Test and Direct Immunofluorescence Assay for Identification of Legionella Isolates

Overview

Journal J Clin Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 1983 Nov 1

PMID 6358251

Citations 16

Authors

W L Thacker

H W WILKINSON

R F Benson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

It is technically impractical for many clinical laboratories to use the direct immunofluorescence assay for identifying and serogrouping clinical isolates of Legionella. We compared the results obtained with the direct immunofluorescence assay with the results of a simple and less-demanding slide agglutination test for identifying 15 serogroups representing seven Legionella species. The slide agglutination test was in complete agreement with the direct immunofluorescence assay, and the serogroup to which 64 clinical isolates of Legionella belonged was correctly identified. With polyvalent, pooled antisera and absorbed, serogroup-specific antisera, the slide agglutination test is a useful alternative to the direct immunofluorescence assay in the diagnosis of Legionella infections and for studying the serological relationships of Legionella-like organisms.

Citing Articles

Culture of Clinical Specimens Reveals Extensive Diversity of Legionella pneumophila Strains in Arizona.

Raphael B, Huynh T, Brown E, Smith J, Ruberto I, Getsinger L mSphere. 2019; 4(1).

PMID: 30814318 PMC: 6393729. DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00649-18.

Distribution of Legionella and bacterial community composition among regionally diverse US cooling towers.

Llewellyn A, Lucas C, Roberts S, Brown E, Nayak B, Raphael B PLoS One. 2017; 12(12):e0189937.

PMID: 29261791 PMC: 5738086. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189937.

Large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever at a military base.

Ambrose J, Hampton L, Fleming-Dutra K, Marten C, McClusky C, Perry C Epidemiol Infect. 2014; 142(11):2336-46.

PMID: 25267405 PMC: 9151276. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268813003440.

Comparative Genomics Reveal That Host-Innate Immune Responses Influence the Clinical Prevalence of Legionella pneumophila Serogroups.

Khan M, Knox N, Prashar A, Alexander D, Abdel-Nour M, Duncan C PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e67298.

PMID: 23826259 PMC: 3694923. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067298.

Survey of legionella species found in thai soil.

Travis T, Brown E, Peruski L, Siludjai D, Jorakate P, Salika P Int J Microbiol. 2012; 2012:218791.

PMID: 22287969 PMC: 3263619. DOI: 10.1155/2012/218791.

References

CHERRY W, Pittman B, Harris P, HEBERT G, Thomason B, Thacker L . Detection of Legionnaires disease bacteria by direct immunofluorescent staining. J Clin Microbiol. 1978; 8(3):329-38. PMC: 275241. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.8.3.329-338.1978. View

MAALOE O . The International Reference Preparation for Opacity; notes and description. Bull World Health Organ. 1955; 12(5):769-75. PMC: 2542312. View

McKinney R, Thacker L, Harris P, Lewallen K, HEBERT G, Edelstein P . Four serogroups of Legionnaires' disease bacteria defined by direct immunofluorescence. Ann Intern Med. 1979; 90(4):621-4. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-621. View

Brenner D, Steigerwalt A, McDade J . Classification of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the family Legionellaceae, familia nova. Ann Intern Med. 1979; 90(4):656-8. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-656. View

Cordes L, WILKINSON H, GORMAN G, Fikes B, Fraser D . Atypical Legionella-like organisms: fastidious water-associated bacteria pathogenic for man. Lancet. 1979; 2(8149):927-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92623-0. View

England 3rd A, McKinney R, SKALIY P, GORMAN G . A fifth serogroup of Legionella pneumophila. Ann Intern Med. 1980; 93(1):58-9. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-93-1-58. View

McKinney R, WILKINSON H, Sommers H, Fikes B, Sasseville K, Yungbluth M . Legionella pneumophila serogroup six: isolation from cases of legionellosis, identification by immunofluorescence staining, and immunological response to infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1980; 12(3):395-401. PMC: 273595. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.12.3.395-401.1980. View

McKinney R, Porschen R, Edelstein P, Bissett M, Harris P, Bondell S . Legionella longbeachae species nova, another etiologic agent of human pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1981; 94(6):739-43. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-94-6-739. View

Morris G, Steigerwalt A, Feeley J, Wong E, Martin W, Patton C . Legionella gormanii sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol. 1980; 12(5):718-21. PMC: 273680. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.12.5.718-721.1980. View

10.

WILKINSON H, Fikes B . Detection of cell-associated or soluble antigens of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, Legionella bozemanii, Legionella dumoffii, Legionella gormanii, and Legionella micdadei by staphylococcal coagglutination tests. J Clin Microbiol. 1981; 14(3):322-5. PMC: 271962. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.14.3.322-325.1981. View

11.

Bibb W, Sorg R, Thomason B, Hicklin M, Steigerwalt A, Brenner D . Recognition of a second serogroup of Legionella longbeachae. J Clin Microbiol. 1981; 14(6):674-7. PMC: 274019. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.14.6.674-677.1981. View

12.

CHERRY W, GORMAN G, Orrison L, MOSS C, Steigerwalt A, WILKINSON H . Legionella jordanis: a new species of Legionella isolated from water and sewage. J Clin Microbiol. 1982; 15(2):290-7. PMC: 272079. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.2.290-297.1982. View

13.

Edelstein P, Brenner D, MOSS C, Steigerwalt A, Francis E, George W . Legionella wadsworthii species nova: a cause of human pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1982; 97(6):809-13. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-809. View

14.

Orrison L, CHERRY W, Tyndall R, Fliermans C, Gough S, Lambert M . Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983; 45(2):536-45. PMC: 242320. DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.2.536-545.1983. View

15.

Bibb W, ARNOW P, Dellinger D, Perryman S . Isolation and characterization of a seventh serogroup of Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol. 1983; 17(2):346-8. PMC: 272634. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.17.2.346-348.1983. View

16.

Bissett M, Lee J, Lindquist D . New serogroup of Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 8. J Clin Microbiol. 1983; 17(5):887-91. PMC: 272760. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.17.5.887-891.1983. View

17.

McKinney R, Thomason B, Harris P, Thacker L, Lewallen K, WILKINSON H . Recognition of a new serogroup of Legionnaires disease bacterium. J Clin Microbiol. 1979; 9(1):103-7. PMC: 272965. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.9.1.103-107.1979. View