Reproductive Toxicity: Hypothalamic-pituitary Mechanisms

The hypothalamic-pituitary axis serves as the primary control center for reproductive hormones. Several agents can inhibit this control center and thereby disrupt reproductive function. Of major interest among these agents are the neuropharmacologic drugs that alter the central nervous system input to the hypothalamus. Such drug classes as the barbiturates, narcotics, certain tranquilizers, and marijuana can inhibit gonadotropin secretion by this mechanism. Changes in gonadotropin and prolactin levels can result in disruptive effects on the reproductive system including infertility, changes in libido, and problems with sexual function.