Symmetrical in Vivo Transcription of Mitochondrial DNA in HeLa Cells

RNA.DNA hybridization experiments utilizing separated strands of HeLa mitochondrial DNA and mit-RNA from HeLa cells exposed to short pulses of [5-(3)H]uridine have shown that the labeled RNA hybridizes with both the light (L) and the heavy (H) strand, though to a different relative extent depending upon the labeling time. Thus, hybridization of pulse-labeled RNA is about equal with the two strands when the pulse is very short (1-5 min), and becomes more and more predominant with the H strand with increasing pulse length. Pulse-labeled fast-sedimenting mit-RNA forms RNase-resistant double-stranded structures up to more than 5 mum long when self-annealed or annealed with an excess of unlabeled mit-RNA. These observations and the previous evidence of complete transcription of the H strand strongly suggest that mit-DNA is transcribed in HeLa cells symmetrically over a considerable portion of its length, with the transcript of the L strand being rapidly degraded or otherwise removed from the mitochondrial fraction.