The Concentration and Control of Cytoplasmic Free Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Rat Liver in Vivo

Overview

Journal Biochem J

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 1974 Jun 1

PMID 4374936

Citations 16

Authors

R W Guynn

D Veloso

J W Lawson

R L Veech

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The concentration of cytoplasmic free pyrophosphate was calculated in freeze-clamped livers of rats from the measured concentration of reactants and K(eq.) of the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reaction (UDP-alpha-d-glucose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.9). The K(eq.) of the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reaction was redetermined at 38 degrees C, pH7.0, I=0.25mol/l and free [Mg(2+)]=1mm, and was 4.55 in the direction of glucose 1-phosphate formation. The activity of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in rat liver was between 46 and 58mumol of glucose 1-phosphate formed/min per g fresh wt. in the four dietary conditions studied. A fluorimetric assay with enzymic cycling was developed for the measurement of glucose 1-phosphate in HClO(4) extracts of rat liver. The calculated free cytoplasmic PP(i) concentration in nmol/g fresh wt. of liver was 2.3+/-0.3 in starved, 3.8+/-0.4 in fed, 4.9+/-0.6 in meal-fed and 5.2+/-0.4 in sucrose-re-fed animals. These values agree well with recently determined direct measurements of total PP(i) in rat liver and suggest that there is not a large amount of bound or metabolically inert PP(i) in rat liver. The cytoplasmic [ATP]/[AMP][PP(i)] ratio is 10(3) times the cytoplasmic [ATP]/[ADP][P(i)] ratio and varies differently with dietary state. The reaction PP(i)+H(2)O-->2P(i) catalysed by inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1) does not attain near-equilibrium in vivo. PP(i) should be considered as one of the group of small inorganic ions which is metabolically active and capable of exerting a controlling function in a number of important metabolic reactions.

Citing Articles

On the voltage-dependent Ca2+ block of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors: a critical role of intracellular phosphates.

Noam Y, Wadman W, van Hooft J J Physiol. 2008; 586(15):3629-38.

PMID: 18566001 PMC: 2538825. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153486.

Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of rat liver cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase gene and characterization of its functional promoter.

Panda H, Pandey R, Debata P, Supakar P Gene Expr. 2007; 14(1):13-22.

PMID: 17933215 PMC: 6042020. DOI: 10.3727/000000007783991754.

Requirement of a soluble intracellular factor for activation of transient receptor potential A1 by pungent chemicals: role of inorganic polyphosphates.

Kim D, Cavanaugh E J Neurosci. 2007; 27(24):6500-9.

PMID: 17567811 PMC: 6672444. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0623-07.2007.

Pyrophosphate-driven proton transport by microsomal membranes of corn coleoptiles.

Chanson A, Fichmann J, Spear D, Taiz L Plant Physiol. 1985; 79(1):159-64.

PMID: 16664362 PMC: 1074844. DOI: 10.1104/pp.79.1.159.

Intracellular substrates for the primer-unblocking reaction by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: detection and quantitation in extracts from quiescent- and activated-lymphocyte subpopulations.

Smith A, Meyer P, Asthana D, Ashman M, Scott W Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49(5):1761-9.

PMID: 15855493 PMC: 1087649. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.5.1761-1769.2005.

References

Gustafson G, Gander J . Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase from Sorghum vulgare. Purification and kinetic properties. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(5):1387-97. View

Williamson J . GLYCOLYTIC CONTROL MECHANISMS. I. INHIBITION OF GLYCOLYSIS BY ACETATE AND PYRUVATE IN THE ISOLATED, PERFUSED RAT HEART. J Biol Chem. 1965; 240:2308-21. View

Turner D, Turner J . Uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase of pea seeds. Biochem J. 1958; 69(3):448-52. PMC: 1196576. DOI: 10.1042/bj0690448. View

Williamson D, Lund P, KREBS H . The redox state of free nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of rat liver. Biochem J. 1967; 103(2):514-27. PMC: 1270436. DOI: 10.1042/bj1030514. View

STETTEN M, TAFT H . METABOLISM OF INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATE. II. THE PROBABLE IDENTITY OF MICROSOMAL INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE, PYROPHOSPHATE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE, AND GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATASE. J Biol Chem. 1964; 239:4041-6. View

Baltscheffsky H, von Stedingk L, Heldt H, Klingenberg M . Inorganic pyrophosphate: formation in bacterial photophosphorylation. Science. 1966; 153(3740):1120-2. DOI: 10.1126/science.153.3740.1120. View

Schimke R . Differential effects of fasting and protein-free diets on levels of urea cycle enzymes in rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1962; 237:1921-4. View

Baltscheffsky H . Inorganic pyrophosphate and the evolution of biological energy transformation. Acta Chem Scand. 1967; 21(7):1973-4. DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1973. View

Veech R, RAIJMAN L, KREBS H . Equilibrium relations between the cytoplasmic adenine nucleotide system and nicotinamide-adenine nucleotide system in rat liver. Biochem J. 1970; 117(3):499-503. PMC: 1178952. DOI: 10.1042/bj1170499. View

10.

Nordlie R, LARDY H . Sub-cellular distribution of ratliver inorganic pyrophosphatase activity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1961; 50:189-91. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)91083-6. View

11.

Burch H, Max Jr P, Ghyu K, LOWRY O . Metabolic intermediates in liver of rats given large amounts of fructose or dihydroxyacetone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1969; 34(5):619-26. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90783-9. View

12.

Russell R, BISAZ S, Donath A, MORGAN D, Fleisch H . Inorganic pyrophosphate in plasma in normal persons and in patients with hypophosphatasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other disorders of bone. J Clin Invest. 1971; 50(5):961-9. PMC: 292015. DOI: 10.1172/JCI106589. View

13.

Veloso D, Guynn R, Oskarsson M, Veech R . The concentrations of free and bound magnesium in rat tissues. Relative constancy of free Mg 2+ concentrations. J Biol Chem. 1973; 248(13):4811-9. View

14.

LOWRY O, Passonneau J, Rock M . The stability of pyridine nucleotides. J Biol Chem. 1961; 236:2756-9. View

15.

Atkinson M, Johnson E, MORTON R . Equilibrium constants of phosphoryl transfer from C-1 to C-6 of alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate and from glucose 6-phosphate to water. Biochem J. 1961; 79:12-5. PMC: 1205541. DOI: 10.1042/bj0790012. View

16.

Veech R, Guynn R, Veloso D . The time-course of the effects of ethanol on the redox and phosphorylation states of rat liver. Biochem J. 1972; 127(2):387-97. PMC: 1178599. DOI: 10.1042/bj1270387. View

17.

Reich J, Till U, Gunther J, Zahn D, Tschisgale M, FRUNDER H . Enzymic flux rates in vivo through the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the nucleotides of the mouse liver. Eur J Biochem. 1968; 6(3):384-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00459.x. View

18.

Guynn R, Veech R . The equilibrium constants of the adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and the adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase reactions. J Biol Chem. 1973; 248(20):6966-72. View

19.

HOHORST H, KREUTZ F, BUECHER T . [On the metabolite content and the metabolite concentration in the liver of the rat]. Biochem Z. 1959; 332:18-46. View

20.

Nordlie R, ARION W . LIVER MICROSOMAL GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATASE, INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE, AND PYROPHOSPHATE-GLUCOSE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE. 3. ASSOCIATED NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE- AND NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCOSE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES. J Biol Chem. 1965; 240:2155-64. View