A Biomechanical Study of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures with Bone in the Canal. Part III. Mechanical Properties of the Dura and Its Tethering Ligaments

Experiments were performed to determine some mechanical properties of the spinal cord-meningeal (SCM) complex and its tethering elements with reference to factors contributing to contact pressure of an anterior mass on the SCM complex with spinal fracture and the development of some means to relieve the pressure. Measurements were made using a combined microload cell and displacement transducer that was passed posteriorly through a hole drilled in vertebra T12 through the interpedicular space and contacted the cord. Loss of nerve roots and anterior ligaments as dural tethers in the lumbar region permitted the SCM complex to fall out of the lordosis of the canal and fail to resist transverse loading. Head and neck flexion increased contact force for a given depth of penetration, particularly in the cervical region. This was consistent with measurements of strain along the dura that was greatest in the cervical region. The dura was found to be elastic, having a failure strain averaging 34% but was uniform in thickness, stiffness, and elastic modulus along its length. The study did not delineate any surgical manipulation other than removal of the anterior mass that would be beneficial when there is anterior compression of the spinal cord.