Super-multiplexed Imaging and Coding in the Range of Radio Frequency

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2025 Mar 16

PMID 40089513

Authors

Yuhang Jiang

Yifan Fan

Limin Chen

Hongyu Lin

Jinhao Gao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The era of the Internet has led to an information explosion, creating significant challenges for current techniques in information storage and access. High-performance strategies that expand existing methods offer a promising solution. Imaging-based approaches are vital for information perception but remain underexplored for information processing due to limited multiplexity. Here, we introduce F magnetic resonance imaging-Empowered information Assess and Storage Technique (FEAST), enabled by 22 fluorinated quaternary ammonium derivatives with distinct F chemical shifts. We developed three coding platforms for FEAST: fluorinated choline analog solutions, fluorinated deep eutectic solvents, and fluorinated ionogels. These platforms allow 2-spatial-dimensional applications, such as 16-bit encoding, "dual-color" watermarking, multiplexed Colorcodes, and encrypted QR codes, as well as 3-spatial-dimensional applications like "cubic" information storage, implanted anti-counterfeit labels, and FEAST-guided encryption. This work highlights FEAST's potential for advanced information storage and access, which is inspiring for further developments with versatile and robust coding platforms.

References

Helmerich D, Beliu G, Taban D, Meub M, Streit M, Kuhlemann A . Photoswitching fingerprint analysis bypasses the 10-nm resolution barrier. Nat Methods. 2022; 19(8):986-994. PMC: 9349044. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01548-6. View

Reinhardt S, Masullo L, Baudrexel I, Steen P, Kowalewski R, Eklund A . Ångström-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Nature. 2023; 617(7962):711-716. PMC: 10208979. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05925-9. View

Shen B, Wang H, Xiong H, Chen X, Bosch E, Lazic I . Atomic imaging of zeolite-confined single molecules by electron microscopy. Nature. 2022; 607(7920):703-707. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04876-x. View

Geng B, Hu J, Li Y, Feng S, Pan D, Feng L . Near-infrared phosphorescent carbon dots for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1):5735. PMC: 9523047. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33474-8. View

Vanguri R, Luo J, Aukerman A, Egger J, Fong C, Horvat N . Multimodal integration of radiology, pathology and genomics for prediction of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Cancer. 2022; 3(10):1151-1164. PMC: 9586871. DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00416-8. View

Tuniz A, Kuhlmey B . Subwavelength terahertz imaging via virtual superlensing in the radiating near field. Nat Commun. 2023; 14(1):6393. PMC: 10584837. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41949-5. View

Zhang P, Cheng J, Lu Y, Zhang N, Wu X, Lin H . Hypersensitive MR angiography based on interlocking stratagem for diagnosis of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases. Nat Commun. 2023; 14(1):6149. PMC: 10545789. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41783-9. View

Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V . (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev. 2016; 116(2):719-66. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493. View

Ossenkoppele R, Binette A, Groot C, Smith R, Strandberg O, Palmqvist S . Amyloid and tau PET-positive cognitively unimpaired individuals are at high risk for future cognitive decline. Nat Med. 2022; 28(11):2381-2387. PMC: 9671808. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02049-x. View

10.

Nabben D, Kuttruff J, Stolz L, Ryabov A, Baum P . Attosecond electron microscopy of sub-cycle optical dynamics. Nature. 2023; 619(7968):63-67. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06074-9. View

11.

Anzel A, Heider D, Hattab G . The visual story of data storage: From storage properties to user interfaces. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021; 19:4904-4918. PMC: 8430386. DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.031. View

12.

Arcadia C, Kennedy E, Geiser J, Dombroski A, Oakley K, Chen S . Multicomponent molecular memory. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1):691. PMC: 7000828. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14455-1. View

13.

Yang S, Bogels B, Wang F, Xu C, Dou H, Mann S . DNA as a universal chemical substrate for computing and data storage. Nat Rev Chem. 2024; 8(3):179-194. DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00576-4. View

14.

Nagarkar A, Root S, Fink M, Ten A, Cafferty B, Richardson D . Storing and Reading Information in Mixtures of Fluorescent Molecules. ACS Cent Sci. 2021; 7(10):1728-1735. PMC: 8554834. DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00728. View

15.

Li A, Luo X, Li L, Chen D, Liu X, Yang Z . Activatable Multiplexed F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Visualizes Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Anal Chem. 2021; 93(49):16552-16561. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03744. View

16.

Flogel U, Temme S, Jacoby C, Oerther T, Keul P, Flocke V . Multi-targeted H/F MRI unmasks specific danger patterns for emerging cardiovascular disorders. Nat Commun. 2021; 12(1):5847. PMC: 8494909. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26146-6. View

17.

Chen D, Lin Y, Li A, Luo X, Yang C, Gao J . Bio-orthogonal Metabolic Fluorine Labeling Enables Deep-Tissue Visualization of Tumor Cells In Vivo by F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem. 2022; 94(48):16614-16621. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02443. View

18.

Bulte J . Detecting Different Cell Populations Using Multispectral F MRI. Radiology. 2019; 291(2):358-359. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190377. View

19.

Chirizzi C, De Battista D, Tirotta I, Metrangolo P, Comi G, Bombelli F . Multispectral MRI with Dual Fluorinated Probes to Track Mononuclear Cell Activity in Mice. Radiology. 2019; 291(2):351-357. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019181073. View

20.

Chen D, Guo J, Li A, Sun C, Lin H, Lin H . Metabolic fluorine labeling and hotspot imaging of dynamic gut microbiota in mice. Sci Adv. 2023; 9(4):eabg6808. PMC: 9882976. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6808. View