Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Polyherbal Formulated Silver Nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus-An In Vivo Strategy

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome prevalent worldwide. One effective treatment for DM is the medicinal use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of greensynthesizedAgNPs derived from a polyherbal formulation (PHF). Characterization of PHF-AgNPs included UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats (N = 30, n = 6/group, 150-200 g, 8 weeks old) via intraperitoneal alloxan injection (150 mg). Groups are as follows: 1) untreated control, 2) diabetic control (150 mg/kg b.w. alloxan), 3) glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), 4) PHF-AgNPs (10 mg/kg), and 5) PHF-AgNPs (20 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels (BGL) were monitored on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples were collected for the liver, kidney, and lipid profile analysis before euthanization. The results showed that PHF-AgNPs had an average size of 20 nm and exhibited significant reductions in BGL, with PHF-AgNPs at both 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg demonstrating superior effects compared to glibenclamide. Histopathological analysis revealed tissue regeneration in the liver, kidney, and pancreas, indicating healing of alloxan-induced damage. Additionally, treatment improved liver and kidney function markers, and lipid profiles, with reductions in cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, and creatinine levels compared to the diabetic control group. These findings suggest that green synthesized PHF-AgNPs effectively improved blood glucose control, body weight, and organ health, positioning them as a promising antidiabetic agent with potential for further clinical development.