Minor Acidic Glycans: Review of Focused Glycomics Methods

Overview

Journal BBA Adv

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2025 Mar 7

PMID 40051816

Authors

Keita Yamada

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Glycans are modified by acidic molecules, including sialic acid, sulfates, phosphates, and glucuronic acid, forming acidic glycans. Among these, sialylated glycans form major components of deuterostome glycomes, and their structure and function have been widely studied. The other acidic glycans, comprising minor components of the glycome, are often overlooked by glycomics and glycoproteomics methods, although they are implicated in conditions such as inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, and viral infections. Therefore, minor acidic glycans are high-priority targets for glycomics, and analytical techniques focused on minor acidic glycans are being developed. This review examines the methods of enriching the minor acidic glycans from biological glycomes and examines their structure, providing examples of the application of these techniques in biological and clinical samples.

References

Wang J, Gao W, Grimm R, Jiang S, Liang Y, Ye H . A method to identify trace sulfated IgG N-glycans as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun. 2017; 8(1):631. PMC: 5606999. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00662-w. View

KORNFELD R, Bao M, Brewer K, Noll C, Canfield W . Molecular cloning and functional expression of two splice forms of human N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(46):32778-85. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32778. View

Kinoshita M, Yamada K . Recent advances and trends in sample preparation and chemical modification for glycan analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021; 207:114424. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114424. View

Narimatsu H, Sawaki H, Kuno A, Kaji H, Ito H, Ikehara Y . A strategy for discovery of cancer glyco-biomarkers in serum using newly developed technologies for glycoproteomics. FEBS J. 2009; 277(1):95-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07430.x. View

Yagi H, Kuo C, Obayashi T, Ninagawa S, Khoo K, Kato K . Direct Mapping of Additional Modifications on Phosphorylated O-glycans of α-Dystroglycan by Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Conjunction with Knocking Out of Causative Genes for Dystroglycanopathy. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2016; 15(11):3424-3434. PMC: 5098040. DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M116.062729. View

Kim W, Kim J, You S, Do J, Jang Y, Kim D . Qualitative and quantitative characterization of sialylated N-glycans using three fluorophores, two columns, and two instrumentations. Anal Biochem. 2019; 571:40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.012. View

Mechref Y, Kang P, Novotny M . Solid-phase permethylation for glycomic analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2009; 534:53-64. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-022-5_4. View

Coutinho M, Prata M, Alves S . Mannose-6-phosphate pathway: a review on its role in lysosomal function and dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab. 2012; 105(4):542-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.012. View

Inoue D, Hoshino H, Chen Y, Yamamoto M, Kogami A, Fukushima M . Structural Elucidation and Prognostic Relevance of 297-11A-Sulfated Glycans in Ovarian Carcinoma. Lab Invest. 2024; 104(6):102057. DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102057. View

10.

Garcia-Ayllon M, Botella-Lopez A, Cuchillo-Ibanez I, Rabano A, Andreasen N, Blennow K . HNK-1 Carrier Glycoproteins Are Decreased in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Mol Neurobiol. 2016; 54(1):188-199. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9644-x. View

11.

Kameyama A, Thet Tin W, Toyoda M, Sakaguchi M . A practical method of liberating O-linked glycans from glycoproteins using hydroxylamine and an organic superbase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019; 513(1):186-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.144. View

12.

PLUMMER Jr T, Tarentino A . Purification of the oligosaccharide-cleaving enzymes of Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Glycobiology. 1991; 1(3):257-63. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/1.3.257. View

13.

Lo-Guidice J, Perini J, Lafitte J, Ducourouble M, Roussel P, Lamblin G . Characterization of a sulfotransferase from human airways responsible for the 3-O-sulfation of terminal galactose in N-acetyllactosamine-containing mucin carbohydrate chains. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(46):27544-50. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.46.27544. View

14.

Braulke T, Carette J, Palm W . Lysosomal enzyme trafficking: from molecular mechanisms to human diseases. Trends Cell Biol. 2023; 34(3):198-210. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.005. View

15.

Miura Y, Shinohara Y, Furukawa J, Nagahori N, Nishimura S . Rapid and simple solid-phase esterification of sialic acid residues for quantitative glycomics by mass spectrometry. Chemistry. 2007; 13(17):4797-804. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601872. View

16.

Patnode M, Yu S, Cheng C, Ho M, Tegesjo L, Sakuma K . KSGal6ST generates galactose-6-O-sulfate in high endothelial venules but does not contribute to L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte homing. Glycobiology. 2012; 23(3):381-94. PMC: 3555504. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws166. View

17.

Lei M, Novotny M, Mechref Y . Sequential enrichment of sulfated glycans by strong anion-exchange chromatography prior to mass spectrometric measurements. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2009; 21(3):348-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.017. View

18.

Prime S, Dearnley J, Ventom A, Parekh R, Edge C . Oligosaccharide sequencing based on exo- and endoglycosidase digestion and liquid chromatographic analysis of the products. J Chromatogr A. 1996; 720(1-2):263-74. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00029-1. View

19.

Toyoda M, Narimatsu H, Kameyama A . Enrichment method of sulfated glycopeptides by a sulfate emerging and ion exchange chromatography. Anal Chem. 2009; 81(15):6140-7. DOI: 10.1021/ac900592t. View

20.

Hsiao C, Wang P, Chang H, Chen Y, Wang S, Chern Y . Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS-product Dependent-MS Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2017; 16(12):2268-2280. PMC: 5724186. DOI: 10.1074/mcp.TIR117.000156. View