Genetic Characterization of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) in Pig Farms: First Report of PPIV-1 in Thailand and Myanmar

Overview

Journal Front Vet Sci

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2025 Mar 6

PMID 40046421

Authors

Hnin Wai Phyu

Kamonpan Charoenkul

Chanakarn Nasamran

Kitikhun Udom

Eaint Min Phyu

Yu Nandi Thaw

Han Win Soe

Supassama Chaiyawong

Thant Nyi Lin

Min Thein Maw

Alongkorn Amonsin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a paramyxovirus causing respiratory infections in pigs and has been reported worldwide. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of PPIV-1 in pig farms in Thailand and Myanmar from January 2022 to December 2023. Nasal swab samples from pigs in Thailand ( = 1,042) and Myanmar ( = 449) were collected from clinically healthy pigs and pigs with respiratory signs. PPIV-1 detection was carried out using the L gene-specific RT-PCR assay. Our results showed that 3.65% (38/1042) and 7.57% (34/449) were positive for PPIV-1 in Thailand and Myanmar, respectively. The viruses ( = 15) were subjected to whole genome sequencing ( = 4) and F and HN gene sequencing ( = 11). Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that Thai PPIV-1 ( = 7) was grouped into PPIV-1 lineage II (American lineage) and closely related to American and Chinese strains. On the other hand, one Thai PPIV-1 strain ( = 1) and Myanmar PPIV-1 ( = 7) belonged to lineage I (European lineage) and was closely related to European, Hong Kong (China), and South Korean strains. Our findings suggest that PPIV-1s from both lineages (I and II) are circulating in pigs in Thailand, and PPIV-1 of lineage I is circulating in pigs in Myanmar, suggesting high genetic diversity of PPIV-1 in the Southeast Asia region. This study is the first to report whole-genome sequences of PPIV-1 from pigs in Thailand and Myanmar. Our result provided insights and information about the current disease status and genetic diversity of PPIV-1 in pig farms, which will benefit further animal disease surveillance, prevention, and control.

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