Immunosuppressive Treatments and Risk Factors Associated with Non-Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Cohort Study

Overview

Journal Vaccines (Basel)

Date 2025 Feb 26

PMID 40006731

Authors

Raquel Padilla-Matas

Victoria Salguero-Cano

Eva Soler-Iborte

Javier Baca-Hidalgo

Marta Perez-Dionisio

Soledad Gutierrez-Linares

Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernandez de Alba

Maria Del Carmen Valero-Ubierna

Maria Fernandez-Prada

Mario Rivera-Izquierdo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological response after the complete hepatitis B vaccination of patients according to the immunosuppressive treatment they underwent, and to identify potential factors associated with non-responders. : A prospective cohort study was conducted, and patients under immunosuppressive therapies were considered exposed. The main outcome was non-response to hepatitis B vaccination. Bivariate analysis was conducted to detect differences between exposed and non-exposed patients. A multivariable log-binomial regression model was designed to analyze potential factors independently associated with non-responders. : A total of 289 patients were included. Immunosuppressive treatment was associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccination (RR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26-4.96). Concretely, the use of cytotoxic therapies showed increased risk, although anti-CD20 and anti-JAK also showed a tendency to be associated with non-responders. Other variables associated with non-responders were older age (6-7% higher risk per year), smoking (RR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.41-6.74) and certain vaccine regimens. These findings were similar for persistent non-responders despite an additional booster dose. : Patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments, who are older in age or who are smokers have a higher risk of non-response to conventional hepatitis B vaccination. These data might serve to optimize hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk patients.

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