Three-Dimensional-Printed Osteochondral Scaffold with Biomimetic Surface Curvature for Osteochondral Regeneration

Overview

Journal Pharmaceutics

Publisher MDPI

Date 2025 Feb 26

PMID 40006520

Authors

Yan Yang

Qu Lin

Zhenhai Hou

Gensheng Yang

Lian Shen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: Treatment of osteochondral defects is hindered by several challenges, including the failure of traditional scaffolds with a predefined cylindrical or cuboid shape to comprehensively match the natural osteochondral tissue. Herein, we employed reverse modeling and three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to prepare subchondral bone and cartilage.

Methods: The osteochondral scaffold was prepared by bonding the subchondral bone and cartilage layers, and the curvature distribution and biomechanical behavior were compared with those of the native tissue. Biocompatibility and osteochondral regeneration performance were further evaluated using cell adhesion and proliferation assays, as well as animal osteochondral defect repair tests.

Results: We found that increasing the printing temperature or decreasing the layer height improved the dimensional accuracy of printed subchondral bones, whereas increasing the exposure time or decreasing the layer height enhanced the dimensional accuracy of the printed cartilage. Biomimetic scaffolds exhibited curvature distribution and biomechanical behavior more similar to native tissues than traditional cylindrical scaffolds. Incorporating gelatin methacryloyl into poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate markedly improved the biocompatibility, and correspondingly prepared osteochondral scaffolds had better osteochondral regeneration ability than the traditional scaffolds.

Conclusions: Osteochondral scaffolds exhibiting biomimetic morphology and an internal structure could be prepared based on reverse modeling and 3D printing, facilitating personalized osteochondral injury treatment.

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