Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Key Modulator in Preeclampsia Pathogenesis and Its Therapeutic Potential

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2025 Feb 26

PMID 40005611

Authors

Johnatan Torres-Torres

Jorge Alberto Basurto-Serrano

Zaira Alexi Camacho-Martinez

Francisco Rafael Guadarrama-Sanchez

Irma Eloisa Monroy-Munoz

Javier Perez-Duran

Juan Mario Solis-Paredes

Raigam Martinez-Portilla

Salvador Espino-Y-Sosa

Andrea Ramirez-Gonzalez

Rodrigo Guadarrama-Mora

Lourdes Rojas-Zepeda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence implicates gut and vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in preeclampsia pathogenesis through its roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and placental function. This review explores the mechanisms linking microbiota alterations to preeclampsia and evaluates the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions. A systematic search using MeSH terms related to "preeclampsia", "microbiota", and "dysbiosis" identified studies on microbiota and preeclampsia pathophysiology. Data extraction focused on microbial alterations and mechanistic insights. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production, weakens the intestinal barrier, exacerbates systemic inflammation, and impairs placental development. Vaginal dysbiosis, marked by reduced species, promotes local inflammation, increasing placental dysfunction risk. Therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications, show promise in restoring microbial balance and mitigating preeclampsia risk. Microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributes to preeclampsia pathogenesis through inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and placental impairment. Interventions targeting microbial balance, such as probiotics and dietary modifications, show promise for prevention, but further research and large-scale trials are essential to validate their efficacy and safety.

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