Unveiling the Role of Selenium in Child Development: Impacts on Growth, Neurodevelopment and Immunity

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2025 Feb 26

PMID 40004804

Authors

Gulnara Batyrova

Gulaim Taskozhina

Gulmira Umarova

Yeskendir Umarov

Marina Morenko

Bakhtiyar Iriskulov

Khatimya Kudabayeva

Yerlan Bazargaliyev

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element for children, playing a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, immune regulation, thyroid function, and bone metabolism. Emerging evidence highlights its potential impact on child development and growth while also underscoring the complexity of its mechanisms and the global variations in Se intake. The aim of this review is to comprehensively elucidate the significance of Se in various biological processes within the human body, with a focus on its role in child development and growth; its biochemical effects on the nervous system, thyroid function, immune system, and bone tissue; and the implications of Se deficiency and toxicity. This review integrates findings from experimental models, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials to explore Se's role in neurodevelopment, growth regulation, and immune competence in children. Selenoproteins, which regulate oxidative stress and thyroid hormone and bone metabolism, are essential for normal growth and cognitive development in children. Se deficiency and toxicity has been linked to impaired immune function, growth retardation, and decreased immune function. The findings underscore Se's influence on various biological pathways that are critical for healthy child development and its broader importance for child health. Public health strategies aimed at optimizing selenium intake may play a pivotal role in improving pediatric health outcomes worldwide.

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