Analysis of Natural Clinical Crown Height Changes in Central Incisors and First Molars from Age 8 to 18: A Retrospective Digital Study

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2025 Feb 13

PMID 39941437

Authors

Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni

Jean Boesiger

Thomas Mourgues

Maria Jose Gonzalez-Olmo

Martin Romero

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This thesis aims to digitally study the natural longitudinal evolution of clinical crown height in maxillary and mandibular central incisors and first molars between 8 and 18 years of age. A total of 31 subjects (17 females and 14 males) were selected for the study. Their plaster study models were converted to digital format using a three-dimensional scanner. Digital anatomical landmarks were placed on the central incisors and first molars of all dental arches. The clinical crown height of the central incisors and first molars was then analyzed digitally and longitudinally, based on the position of the marginal gingiva on the vestibular surface of the teeth in question. The clinical crown height of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and first molars increased significantly with age (-value < 0.001) from 8 to 18 years. On average, the clinical crown height increased by 1.5 mm for the upper central incisors and 0.8 mm for the mandibular central incisors. The clinical crown height of the upper first molar increased on average by 2.7 mm and 2.1 mm for mandibular first molars. The clinical crown height of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and first molars appears to continue increasing beyond 18 years of age. These results suggest that the position of the marginal gingiva on the buccal surface of the teeth is not stable at 18 years of age.

References

Massaro C, Miranda F, Janson G, Almeida R, Pinzan A, Martins D . Maturational changes of the normal occlusion: A 40-year follow-up. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018; 154(2):188-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.028. View

Carrera T, Freire A, de Oliveira G, Dos Reis Nicolau S, Pichotano E, Ribeiro Junior N . Digital planning and guided dual technique in esthetic crown lengthening: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2022; 27(4):1589-1603. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04780-8. View

Theytaz G, Kiliaridis S . Gingival and dentofacial changes in adolescents and adults 2 to 10 years after orthodontic treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35(9):825-30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01297.x. View

De Luca Canto G, Pacheco-Pereira C, Lagravere M, Flores-Mir C, Major P . Intra-arch dimensional measurement validity of laser-scanned digital dental models compared with the original plaster models: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015; 18(2):65-76. DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12068. View

Natsumeda G, Miranda F, Massaro C, Lauris J, Garib D . Aging changes in maxillary anterior teeth in untreated individuals: an observational longitudinal study. Prog Orthod. 2023; 24(1):26. PMC: 10423712. DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00478-z. View

Sarver D, Yanosky M . Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 127(1):85-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.035. View

Sobouti F, Rakhshan V, Chiniforush N, Khatami M . Effects of laser-assisted cosmetic smile lift gingivectomy on postoperative bleeding and pain in fixed orthodontic patients: a controlled clinical trial. Prog Orthod. 2014; 15:66. PMC: 4259980. DOI: 10.1186/s40510-014-0066-5. View

Theytaz G, Christou P, Kiliaridis S . Gingival changes and secondary tooth eruption in adolescents and adults: a longitudinal retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139(4 Suppl):S129-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.05.017. View

Ioi H, Nakata S, Counts A . Influence of gingival display on smile aesthetics in Japanese. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32(6):633-7. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq013. View

10.

Volchansky A, Cleaton-Jones P . The position of the gingival margin as expressed by clinical crown height in children aged 6-16 years. J Dent. 1976; 4(3):116-22. DOI: 10.1016/0300-5712(76)90011-7. View

11.

Morrow L, Robbins J, Jones D, Wilson N . Clinical crown length changes from age 12-19 years: a longitudinal study. J Dent. 2000; 28(7):469-73. DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(00)00023-3. View

12.

Sarver D . Use of the 810 nm diode laser: soft tissue management and orthodontic applications of innovative technology. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2006; 18(9):suppl 7-13. View

13.

Sarver D . Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 1. Shape and proportionality of anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004; 126(6):749-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.034. View

14.

Volchansky A, Cleaton-Jones P . Clinical crown height (length)--a review of published measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28(12):1085-90. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.281201.x. View

15.

Atik E, Turkoglu H . Does different vertical position of maxillary central incisors in women with different facial vertical height affect smile esthetics perception?. Prog Orthod. 2023; 24(1):28. PMC: 10404574. DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00479-y. View

16.

Woda A, Gourdon A, Faraj M . Occlusal contacts and tooth wear. J Prosthet Dent. 1987; 57(1):85-93. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(87)90122-3. View

17.

Gillen R, Schwartz R, Hilton T, Evans D . An analysis of selected normative tooth proportions. Int J Prosthodont. 1994; 7(5):410-7. View

18.

Huanca Ghislanzoni L, Lineberger M, Cevidanes L, Mapelli A, Sforza C, McNamara Jr J . Evaluation of tip and torque on virtual study models: a validation study. Prog Orthod. 2013; 14:19. PMC: 4384932. DOI: 10.1186/2196-1042-14-19. View

19.

Levin E . Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978; 40(3):244-52. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(78)90028-8. View

20.

Brief J, Behle J, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Hassfeld S . Precision of landmark positioning on digitized models from patients with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2006; 43(2):168-73. DOI: 10.1597/04-106.1. View