Phylogenetic Analysis TEM Gene of Isolated from Cave Bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Overview

Journal Open Vet J

Date 2025 Feb 10

PMID 39927370

Authors

Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin

Mustofa Helmi Effendi

Wiwiek Tyasningsih

Hani Plumeriastuti

Aswin Rafif Khairullah

Fitrine Ekawasti

Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses

Kurnia Nisa Kinasih

Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala

Yolla Rona Mustika

Ima Fauziah

Syahputra Wibowo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The TEM, CTX-M, and SHV are the result of mutations in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) enzyme, which can be seen genotypically. Wild bats have never received antibiotic therapy, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) in bats indicates the level of AMR in the environment, the circulation of ESBL between humans or animals in Indonesia and wild animals is still not widely known. Whole genome sequencing is used to determine the circulation of ESBL in detail.

Aim: Our research aims to determine the genetic level of relatedness of TEM samples of cave bat isolates in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Methods: This research is a laboratory exploration to detect ESBL genes in guano isolate samples from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were obtained by swabbing the rectum of live bats caught from caves on the island of West Nusa Tenggara Province, namely, Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembur Cave. A total of 50 samples from Lawah Cave and 85 samples from Saung Pengembur Cave were identified to find an bacteria using Gram-stain test and IMViC for biochemical test from isolates, which showed a metallic green color on eosin methylene blue agar media. isolates were tested for sensitivity using antibiotics, followed by a polymerase chain reaction test showed positive results for the TEM gene and phylogenetic analysis to determine relationships.

Results: Phylogenetic analysis shows a genetic closeness between the isolates from Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembur Cave is 95%. Between samples from Lawah and Saung Pengembur Cave, we found that there was a closeness of 86% to the strain A2-2 sample from Thailand with the code OR680712.1. at GenBank.

Conclusion: The TEM gene characteristics of bat isolates from West Nusa Tenggara are close to pig isolates from Thailand. The genetic proximity between TEM gene samples from Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembar Cave analyzed using the phylogenetic tree shows a closeness to samples from Thailand, even though they come from samples with distant locations, which can have a negative impact on human health.

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