Delta-opioid Receptor Signaling Alleviates Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in the Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Microglia Homeostasis and Inhibiting HMGB1 Pathway

Overview

Journal Alzheimers Res Ther

Date 2025 Feb 1

PMID 39893485

Authors

Yuan Xu

Naiyuan Shao

Feng Zhi

Ronghua Chen

Yilin Yang

Jiahui Li

Ying Xia

Ya Peng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Recent studies suggest that opioid receptor signaling may differentially affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and the relevant behavioral dysfunctions. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of opioid receptor subtypes in AD pathologies are still unclear with major controversies.

Methods: We compared the delta-opioid receptor (DOR)- and mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated effects on AD-associated cognitive deficits, pathologies, neuroinflammations, cell death using transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model and BV2 cell line at behavioral, molecular, and cellular levels. Unpaired t-test and one/two way analysis for variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze statistical significance of the data.

Results: We show a distinct role of DOR and its major difference with MOR in AD injury in an APP/PS1 mouse model. DOR activation by UFP-512, but not MOR activation by DAMGO, attenuated cognitive impairment, reduced beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and aggregation, as well as protected the neurons from apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. DOR and MOR also differentially modulated microglia in APP/PS1 mice and in vitro AD cell model with a DOR-mediated inhibition on the excessive activation of microglia and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AD pathologies. Gene expression profiling further revealed that the alternations in DOR/MOR are closely associated with microglial homeostatic signatures and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in AD. DOR activation inhibited HMGB1 secretion and its translocation from nuclear to cytoplasm. Our in-vitro studies further confirmed that DOR overexpression mitigated microglial inflammatory response and rescued neurons from AD injury via HMGB1-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusions: These novel findings uncover previously unappreciated roles of DOR in neuroprotection against AD injury via modulating microglia-related inflammatory responses.

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