Improving Osteogenic Properties of Zirconia Ceramic Via Glow Discharge Plasma-enhanced Deposition of Amine Organic Compound

Overview

Journal J Dent Sci

Date 2025 Jan 28

PMID 39873036

Authors

Lwin Moe Aung

Ting-Yi Renn

Jerry Chin-Yi Lin

Eisner Salamanca

Yi-Fan Wu

Yu-Hwa Pan

Nai-Chia Teng

Haw-Ming Huang

Ying-Sui Sun

Wei-Jen Chang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background/purpose: Osseointegration potential is greatly depended on the interaction between bone cells and dental implant surface. Since zirconia ceramic has a bioinert surface, functionalization of the surface with an organic compound allylamine was conducted to overcome its drawback of minimal interaction with the surrounding bone.

Materials And Methods: The zirconia surface was initially treated with argon glow discharge plasma (GDP), then combined with amine plasma at three different conditions of 50-W, 75-W and 85-W, to prepare the final samples. The surface characteristics and cell biocompatibility were then evaluated.

Results: Surface morphology analysis revealed a bulbous pattern on allylamine-treated sample groups. The aromatic C-H, C-O, N-H, C ˆ C, and C-H stretching and functional groups have been identified. Surface roughness increased, and hydrophilicity improved after surface modification. Cell viability analysis showed the highest result for the allylamine 50-W (A50) group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay indicated the A50 group had the highest activity, subsequently promoting late-stage mineralization at day 21. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data demonstrated a significant upregulation of osteogenic gene expressions from day 1 to day 21.

Conclusion: The allylamine-treated surface demonstrates immense enhancement in the surface hydrophilicity as well as in the viability, differentiation, and osteogenic properties of osteoblast-like cells. This makes it a promising candidate for future dental implant applications.

References

Della Bona A, Pecho O, Alessandretti R . Zirconia as a Dental Biomaterial. Materials (Basel). 2017; 8(8):4978-4991. PMC: 5455532. DOI: 10.3390/ma8084978. View

Levi G, Narboux-Neme N, Cohen-Solal M . Genes in the Development and Maintenance of the Vertebrate Skeleton: Implications for Human Pathologies. Cells. 2022; 11(20). PMC: 9600099. DOI: 10.3390/cells11203277. View

Walschus U, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Lucke S, Finke B, Polak M . A Cell-Adhesive Plasma Polymerized Allylamine Coating Reduces the In Vivo Inflammatory Response Induced by Ti6Al4V Modified with Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation of Copper. J Funct Biomater. 2017; 8(3). PMC: 5618281. DOI: 10.3390/jfb8030030. View

Tang S, Zhang J, Ding N, Zhang Z . Biological activity of titania coating prepared with zirconium oxychloride and titania on zirconia surface. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021; 123:104780. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104780. View

Chaves C, Alshomer F, Palgrave R, Kalaskar D . Plasma Surface Modification of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane-Poly(carbonate-urea) Urethane with Allylamine Enhances the Response and Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016; 8(29):18701-9. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05788. View

Bolamperti S, Villa I, Rubinacci A . Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence. Bone Res. 2022; 10(1):48. PMC: 9293977. DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8. View

Sivaraman K, Chopra A, Narayan A, Balakrishnan D . Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant? A critical review. J Prosthodont Res. 2017; 62(2):121-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.07.003. View

Chang Y, Feng S, Huang H, Teng N, Lin C, Lin H . Surface analysis of titanium biological modification with glow discharge. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013; 17(3):469-75. DOI: 10.1111/cid.12141. View

Rohr N, Fricke K, Bergemann C, Nebe J, Fischer J . Efficacy of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Coating of Zirconia after Five Years. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(9). PMC: 7565740. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092776. View

10.

Rebl H, Finke B, Schmidt J, Mohamad H, Ihrke R, Helm C . Accelerated cell-surface interlocking on plasma polymer-modified porous ceramics. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016; 69:1116-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.016. View

11.

Nishizaki M, Komasa S, Taguchi Y, Nishizaki H, Okazaki J . Bioactivity of NANOZR Induced by Alkali Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(4). PMC: 5412364. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040780. View

12.

Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A . Oral implant surfaces: Part 1--review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses to them. Int J Prosthodont. 2004; 17(5):536-43. View

13.

Yang C, Li Y, Tsai W, Ai C, Huang H . Oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treatment enhances the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells responses to titanium surface for dental implant application. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013; 26(2):166-75. DOI: 10.1111/clr.12293. View

14.

Fischer J, Schott A, Martin S . Surface micro-structuring of zirconia dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015; 27(2):162-6. DOI: 10.1111/clr.12553. View

15.

Zhang Y, Lawn B . Novel Zirconia Materials in Dentistry. J Dent Res. 2017; 97(2):140-147. PMC: 5784474. DOI: 10.1177/0022034517737483. View

16.

Yu W, Wang X, Guo Y, Yang S, Zhou Z, Sun X . The osteogenesis performance of titanium modified via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomed Mater. 2020; 15(5):055012. DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ab9096. View

17.

Kunz F, Rebl H, Quade A, Matschegewski C, Finke B, Nebe J . Osteoblasts with impaired spreading capacity benefit from the positive charges of plasma polymerised allylamine. Eur Cell Mater. 2015; 29:177-88. DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v029a13. View

17.

Pascoal M, Santos N, Completo A, Fernandes G . Tensile strength assay comparing the resistance between two different autologous platelet concentrates (leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin versus advanced-platelet rich fibrin): a pilot study. Int J Implant Dent. 2021; 7(1):1. PMC: 7809075. DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00284-w. View

18.

Caglar I, Yanikoglu N . The Effect of Sandblasting, Er:YAG Laser, and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Different Zirconia Cores. Photomed Laser Surg. 2015; 34(1):17-26. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3980. View

19.

Rutkovskiy A, Stenslokken K, Vaage I . Osteoblast Differentiation at a Glance. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2016; 22:95-106. PMC: 5040224. DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901142. View