Acute Effects of Beetroot Extract and Resveratrol Ingestion on Cardiovascular and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation Recovery After Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: a Triple-blinded, Randomized,...

Overview

Journal Eur J Nutr

Date 2025 Jan 24

PMID 39853480

Authors

Luana Almeida Gonzaga

Andrey Alves Porto

Carolina Takahashi

Rayana Loch Gomes

Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei

Vitor Engracia Valenti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of beetroot extract and resveratrol supplementation (isolated and combined) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters recovery after exercise in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: 14 males with CAD were submitted to 4 protocols consisting of 30 min (min) of rest, 30 min of aerobic exercise on a treadmill (60% of the heart rate reserve HRR), followed by 30 min of recovery. Before each protocol, the subjects consumed 500 mg of starch (placebo protocol), 500 mg of beetroot (beetroot protocol), or 500 mg of resveratrol (resveratrol protocol), or 500 mg of beetroot and 500 mg of resveratrol (combined protocol). Heart rate variability (HRV) indices and cardiorespiratory parameters were determined at different times during the protocols.

Results: Regarding HR, significantly higher values about rest in the placebo protocol at all recovery moments (1st to 30th min) were observed. Significant differences were observed in the other protocols (beetroot, resveratrol and combined) from the first to the 20th min recovery. For SBP, significantly higher values concerning rest were observed at the first minute of recovery for all protocols. No differences were found for the HRV index between time and protocols.

Conclusions: The single supplementation of beetroot and resveratrol (isolated and combined) did not alter HRV and cardiovascular parameter responses between protocols. The consumption of beetroot extract and resveratrol enhanced vagal modulation and heart rate recovery compared to rest.

References

Lindstrom M, DeCleene N, Dorsey H, Fuster V, Johnson C, LeGrand K . Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks Collaboration, 1990-2021. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 80(25):2372-2425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.001. View

Alvarez-Alvarez M, Zanetti D, Carreras-Torres R, Moral P, Athanasiadis G . A survey of sub-Saharan gene flow into the Mediterranean at risk loci for coronary artery disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017; 25(4):472-476. PMC: 5386420. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.200. View

Santos R . [III Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemias and Guideline of Atherosclerosis Prevention from Atherosclerosis Department of Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002; 77 Suppl 3:1-48. View

Pedersen T, Kjekshus J, Berg K, Haghfelt T, Faergeman O, Faergeman G . Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994. Atheroscler Suppl. 2004; 5(3):81-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.08.027. View

Morris J, CHAVE S, Adam C, Sirey C, Epstein L, Sheehan D . Vigorous exercise in leisure-time and the incidence of coronary heart-disease. Lancet. 1973; 1(7799):333-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90128-1. View

Dibben G, Faulkner J, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson D, Zwisler A . Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 11:CD001800. PMC: 8571912. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub4. View

Chu L, Lassaletta A, Robich M, Sellke F . Resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011; 13(6):439-46. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0202-3. View

Li H, Forstermann U . Resveratrol: a multifunctional compound improving endothelial function. Editorial to: "Resveratrol supplementation gender independently improves endothelial reactivity and suppresses superoxide production in healthy rats" by S. Soylemez et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2009; 23(6):425-9. PMC: 2797420. DOI: 10.1007/s10557-009-6209-0. View

Fogacci F, Tocci G, Presta V, Fratter A, Borghi C, Cicero A . Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018; 59(10):1605-1618. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1422480. View

10.

Wallerath T, Deckert G, Ternes T, Anderson H, Li H, Witte K . Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation. 2002; 106(13):1652-8. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000029925.18593.5c. View

11.

Ma H, Cao Y, Liu Y, Wang R, Wu Y . Microinjection of resveratrol into rostral ventrolateral medulla decreases sympathetic vasomotor tone through nitric oxide and intracellular Ca2+ in anesthetized male rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008; 29(8):906-12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00827.x. View

12.

Rojano-Ortega D, Pena Amaro J, Berral-Aguilar A, Berral-de la Rosa F . Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2021; 14(4):556-565. PMC: 9214898. DOI: 10.1177/19417381211036412. View

13.

Benjamim C, S Junior F, de Figueiredo M, Benjamim C, Cavalcante T, Silva A . Beetroot () Extract Acutely Improves Heart Rate Variability Recovery Following Strength Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial-Pilot Study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2020; 40(4):307-316. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1774441. View

14.

Benjamim C, da Silva L, Sousa Y, da Silva Rodrigues G, Pontes Y, Rebelo M . Acute and short-term beetroot juice nitrate-rich ingestion enhances cardiovascular responses following aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023; 211:12-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.039. View

15.

Coggan A, Leibowitz J, Spearie C, Kadkhodayan A, Thomas D, Ramamurthy S . Acute Dietary Nitrate Intake Improves Muscle Contractile Function in Patients With Heart Failure: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Circ Heart Fail. 2015; 8(5):914-20. PMC: 4573847. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002141. View

16.

van der Avoort C, van Loon L, Verdijk L, Poyck P, Thijssen D, Hopman M . Acute Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Exercise Tolerance, Muscle Oxygenation, and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2021; 31(5):385-396. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0054. View

17.

Vanderlei L, Pastre C, Hoshi R, Dias de Carvalho T, Godoy M . Basic notions of heart rate variability and its clinical applicability. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2009; 24(2):205-17. DOI: 10.1590/s0102-76382009000200018. View

18.

COLE C, Blackstone E, Pashkow F, Snader C, Lauer M . Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341(18):1351-7. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199910283411804. View

19.

Floras J, Ponikowski P . The sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36(30):1974-82b. PMC: 4528097. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv087. View

20.

Thompson P, Franklin B, Balady G, Blair S, Corrado D, Estes 3rd N . Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2007; 115(17):2358-68. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181485. View