Isolation and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 from Severely Diseased Piglets in China in 2024

Overview

Journal Vet Sci

Publisher MDPI

Date 2025 Jan 24

PMID 39852936

Authors

Shuai Yang

Meng Cui

Chen Li

Ming Qiu

Xiaoyang Zhu

Yanhan Lin

Yifan Meng

Yuejia Qiu

Wenhao Qi

Hong Lin

Wanglong Zheng

Jianzhong Zhu

Kewei Fan

Nanhua Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Since the first isolation of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) BJEU06-1 strain from a Beijing pig farm in 2006, more and more PRRSV-1 isolates have been identified in China. In this study, we performed the routine detection of PRRSV-1 using 1521 clinical samples collected in 12 provinces/cities from February 2022 to May 2024. Only three lung samples from severely diseased piglets collected in January 2024 were detected as PRRSV-1-positive (0.197%, 3/1521). A PRRSV-1 strain (AHEU2024-2671) was successfully isolated in primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) but not in Marc-145 cells. Genome sequencing showed that the AHEU2024-2671 isolate shared the highest genome similarity (90.67%) with the SC2020-1 isolate but only 84.01% similarity with the predominant BJEU06-1 strain. Noticeably, the AHEU2024-2671-like isolates not only contained deletions in nsp2 and the GP3-GP4 overlap region, but also contained a unique 6 nt deletion between nsp12 and the ORF2 gene. Furthermore, a genome-based phylogenetic tree supported that the AHEU2024-2671-like isolates form a novel subgroup within subtype 1. Overall, this study not only supported the idea that PRRSV-1 is rapidly evolving in Chinese swine herds, but also pulled the alarm that novel PRRSV-1 isolates with potentially increased pathogenicity might already exist in China, although they are still rarely detected among Chinese pigs.

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