Structure of a Sulfated Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium KMM 1449 and a Genomic Insight into Its Biosynthesis

Some marine and extremophilic microorganisms are capable of synthesizing sulfated polysaccharides with a unique structure. A number of studies indicate significant biological properties of individual sulfated polysaccharides, such as antiproliferative activity, which makes them a promising area for further research. In this study, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was obtained from the bacterium KMM 1449, isolated from a marine sediment sample collected along the shore of the Sea of Japan. The CPS was isolated by saline solution, purified by a series of chromatographic procedures, and studied by chemical methods along with 1D and 2D H and C NMR spectroscopy. The following new structure of the CPS from KMM 1449 was established and consisted of sulfated and simultaneously phosphorylated disaccharide repeating units: →4)-α-L-Rha2S-(1→3)-β-D-Man6PGro-(1→. To elucidate the genetic basis of the CPS biosynthesis, the whole genomic sequence of KMM 1449 was obtained. The CPS biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of about 70 genes composes four regions encoding nucleotide sugar biosynthesis (dTDP-Rha and GDP-Man), assembly (GTs genes), translocation (ABC transporter genes), sulfation (PAPS biosynthesis and sulfotransferase genes) and lipid carrier biosynthesis ( operon). Comparative analysis of the CPS BGCs from available genomes showed the presence of KMM 1449-like CPS BGC among strains of all three species. The study of new natural sulfated polysaccharides, as well as the elucidation of the pathways of their biosynthesis, provides the basis for the development of potential anticancer drugs.