Effects of Water-soluble Vitamins on Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Adult Type 2 Diabetes: an Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses

Overview

Journal Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

Date 2025 Jan 19

PMID 39828265

Authors

Yi Chai

Chengyu Chen

Xueru Yin

Xinru Wang

Wenyan Yu

Haochen Pan

Ruiying Qin

Xiyue Yang

Qiuzhen Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Objectives: Growing evidence has explored the effects of water-soluble vitamins supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients; however, the results of previous meta-analyses are inconsistent. To address this, we conducted an umbrella review to synthesize the evidence on these effects.

Methods And Study Design: A systematic literature search in Web of science, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed from 2012 to November 2022. he quality of the meta-analyses was assessed using AMSTAR-2 and GRADE.

Results: Fourteen systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria, examining the effects of five water-soluble vitamins (B-1, B-3, biotin, B-9, and C) on glycemic control and insulin resistance. The findings suggest that vitamin C supplementation can improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, as indicated by reduced FBG and HbA1c, with more significant effects observed for durations longer than 30 days.

Conclusions: Insulin resistance is improved by folic acid supplementations. More well-designed individual randomized controlled trials are needed in the future, as well as meta-analysis of higher quality.

References

Wu J, Lu A, Zhang L, Zuo Y, Jia Y . [Study of clinical outcome and prognosis in pediatric core binding factor-acute myeloid leukemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2019; 40(1):52-57. PMC: 7351698. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.01.010. View

Ji C, Kaplowitz N . Hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcoholic liver injury. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(12):1699-708. PMC: 4572253. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1699. View

Lu J, He J, Li M, Tang X, Hu R, Shi L . Predictive Value of Fasting Glucose, Postload Glucose, and Hemoglobin A on Risk of Diabetes and Complications in Chinese Adults. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42(8):1539-1548. DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1390. View

Zhang Y, Ding Y, Fan Y, Xu Y, Lu Y, Zhai L . Influence of biotin intervention on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2022; 9:1046800. PMC: 9659605. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1046800. View

Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Moosavian S, Pourmirzaei Olyaei H, Nazarian B . Folic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7). PMC: 8308657. DOI: 10.3390/nu13072355. View

Sun W, Zhai M, Zhou Q, Qian C, Jiang C . Effects of B Vitamins Overload on Plasma Insulin Level and Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in Rats. Chin J Physiol. 2017; 60(4):207-214. DOI: 10.4077/CJP.2017.BAF469. View

Nathan D, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329(14):977-86. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401. View

ElSayed N, Aleppo G, Aroda V, Bannuru R, Brown F, Bruemmer D . Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2022; 46(Suppl 1):S1-S4. PMC: 9810461. DOI: 10.2337/dc23-Sint. View

Xie Y, Gou L, Peng M, Zheng J, Chen L . Effects of soluble fiber supplementation on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2020; 40(4):1800-1810. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.032. View

10.

Nitin S . HbA1c and factors other than diabetes mellitus affecting it. Singapore Med J. 2010; 51(8):616-22. View

11.

Meigs J, Jacques P, Selhub J, Singer D, Nathan D, Rifai N . Fasting plasma homocysteine levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: the Framingham offspring study. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24(8):1403-10. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1403. View

12.

Arora S, Lidor A, Abularrage C, Weiswasser J, Nylen E, Kellicut D . Thiamine (vitamin B1) improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the presence of hyperglycemia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006; 20(5):653-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10016-006-9055-6. View

13.

Gralak M, Debski B, Drywien M . Thiamine deficiency affects glucose transport and β-oxidation in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2019; 103(5):1629-1635. PMC: 6851678. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13146. View

14.

Peterson C, Rodionov D, Osterman A, Peterson S . B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Nutrients. 2020; 12(11). PMC: 7693142. DOI: 10.3390/nu12113380. View

15.

Fong C, Alesi S, Mousa A, Moran L, Deed G, Grant S . Efficacy and Safety of Nutrient Supplements for Glycaemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(11). PMC: 9182772. DOI: 10.3390/nu14112295. View

16.

Guyatt G, Oxman A, Vist G, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P . GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008; 336(7650):924-6. PMC: 2335261. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD. View

17.

Papamichou D, Panagiotakos D, Itsiopoulos C . Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019; 29(6):531-543. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004. View

18.

Ndisang J, Vannacci A, Rastogi S . Insulin Resistance, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, and Related Complications 2017. J Diabetes Res. 2017; 2017:1478294. PMC: 5723935. DOI: 10.1155/2017/1478294. View

19.

Wu Y, Li S, Wang W, Zhang D . Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate equivalent intakes with metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 71(6):738-749. DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1719390. View

20.

Gerich J . Contributions of insulin-resistance and insulin-secretory defects to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78(4):447-56. DOI: 10.4065/78.4.447. View