Experimental Study of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Novel Bulk-fill Composite Resins

Overview

Journal BMC Oral Health

Publisher Biomed Central

Date 2025 Jan 17

PMID 39819641

Authors

Seda Nur Karakas

Sevde Gul Batmaz

Volkan Ciftci

Cihan Kuden

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of five polishing systems on the surface roughness (SR) and color change (CC) of novel bulk-fill composite resins.

Methods: Fifty composite resin samples were prepared for each of the five groups: Stark Bulk Fill, SDR Plus, SonicFill 3, Charisma Bulk Flow One, and Filtek Z250. Each group of composite resins was further subdivided into five subgroups based on the polishing method applied: OptraGloss (OG), OptraGloss combined with Diapolisher paste (OG), OptiDisc (OD), OptiDisc combined with Diapolisher paste (OD), and Occlubrush (OCC) (n = 10). Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer following the polishing procedures, while surface morphology was assessed through atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the samples were divided into two further subgroups for aging in distilled water and coffee (n = 5). The initial color parameters and those measured after 7 days were recorded to evaluate color change. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results: SR significantly varied based on the composite resin and polishing system (p < 0.001). OCC polishing yielded the smoothest surface for STARK and SDR composites, while Charisma exhibited the lowest roughness in the OD group (p < 0.05). OG group consistently produced lower SR across multiple composites compared to the OG group (p < 0.001). Significant color changes (ΔE) were found, with SonicFill and Filtek showing the greatest color stability when polished with OG and OCC. For all polishing systems, except OD, the SDR composite showed the greatest CC in coffee storage (p < 0.003).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both the polishing technique and composite resin type significantly influenced SR. SR was notably affected by the interaction between the polishing method and resin type, with the OCC system consistently producing the lowest SR values. Additionally, Charisma exhibited surface properties similar to Filtek. Variations in color change were also observed based on both the polishing method and resin type, highlighting the critical role these factors play in determining the color stability of restorative materials.

References

Rodrigues-Junior S, Chemin P, Piaia P, Ferracane J . Surface Roughness and Gloss of Actual Composites as Polished With Different Polishing Systems. Oper Dent. 2014; 40(4):418-29. DOI: 10.2341/14-014L. View

Leprince J, Leveque P, Nysten B, Gallez B, Devaux J, Leloup G . New insight into the "depth of cure" of dimethacrylate-based dental composites. Dent Mater. 2012; 28(5):512-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.004. View

Daud A, Gray G, Lynch C, Wilson N, Blum I . A randomised controlled study on the use of finishing and polishing systems on different resin composites using 3D contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. J Dent. 2018; 71:25-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.008. View

Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M . Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent. 2013; 38(6):618-25. DOI: 10.2341/12-395-L. View

Fronza B, Rueggeberg F, Braga R, Mogilevych B, Soares L, Martin A . Monomer conversion, microhardness, internal marginal adaptation, and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2015; 31(12):1542-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.10.001. View

Yadav R, Raisingani D, Jindal D, Mathur R . A Comparative Analysis of Different Finishing and Polishing Devices on Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Hybrid Composite: A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Profilometric Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 9(3):201-208. PMC: 5086006. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1364. View

Barakah H, Taher N . Effect of polishing systems on stain susceptibility and surface roughness of nanocomposite resin material. J Prosthet Dent. 2014; 112(3):625-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.12.007. View

Jones C, Billington R, Pearson G . The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004; 196(1):42-5. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4810881. View

Bottino M, Valandro L, Kantorski K, Bressiani J, Bottino M . Polishing methods of an alumina-reinforced feldspar ceramic. Braz Dent J. 2007; 17(4):285-9. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402006000400004. View

10.

Jefferies S . Abrasive finishing and polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dent Clin North Am. 2007; 51(2):379-97, ix. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2006.12.002. View

11.

Kim E, Jung K, Son S, Hur B, Kwon Y, Park J . Effect of resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites. Restor Dent Endod. 2015; 40(2):128-35. PMC: 4432255. DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.128. View

12.

Kilic V, Gok A . Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk-fill and nano-filled resin-based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2021; 84(9):2058-2067. DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23761. View

13.

Antonson S, Yazici A, Kilinc E, Antonson D, Hardigan P . Comparison of different finishing/polishing systems on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2011; 39 Suppl 1:e9-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.006. View

14.

Ryba T, Dunn W, Murchison D . Surface roughness of various packable composites. Oper Dent. 2002; 27(3):243-7. View

15.

Ozgunaltay G, Yazici A, Gorucu J . Effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of new tooth-coloured restoratives. J Oral Rehabil. 2003; 30(2):218-24. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01022.x. View

16.

Yap A, Yap S, Teo C, Ng J . Finishing/polishing of composite and compomer restoratives: effectiveness of one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2004; 29(3):275-9. View

17.

Gomleksiz S, Gomleksiz O . The effect of contemporary finishing and polishing systems on the surface roughness of bulk fill resin composite and nanocomposites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022; 34(6):915-923. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12874. View

18.

Ishii R, Takamizawa T, Tsujimoto A, Suzuki S, Imai A, Barkmeier W . Effects of Finishing and Polishing Methods on the Surface Roughness and Surface Free Energy of Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent. 2019; 45(2):E91-E104. DOI: 10.2341/18-246-L. View

19.

Kumari C, Bhat K, Bansal R, Singh N, Anupama A, Lavanya T . Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Hardness of Newer Nanoposterior Composite Resins after Immersion in Food-Simulating Liquids. Contemp Clin Dent. 2020; 10(2):289-293. PMC: 7145263. DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_535_18. View

20.

Scheibe K, Almeida K, Medeiros I, Costa J, Alves C . Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17(1):21-6. PMC: 4327609. DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000100005. View