Frequency and Predictors of Diabetes Mellitus in Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by . Various studies have established an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary TB. This study describes the prevalence of DM and its predictors in smear-positive TB patients. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chest Medicine at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2015 to June 2016. The inclusion criteria were as follows: drug-sensitive pulmonary TB patients of either gender, age ≥ 18 years, registered at the TB clinic JPMC, who consented to participate in the study. Pregnant/lactating patients, drug-resistant TB patients, and those who did not consent to participate in the study were excluded. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were done for all patients included in the study. Sociodemographic data, along with FBS, random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c, were entered in a pre-designed proforma. A sedentary lifestyle was recorded as a subjective measure of the proforma. Diabetes was diagnosed if FBS was ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c was ≥6.5%. Results Out of 100 TB patients included in the study, 18 (18%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Patients who were smokers, had a sedentary lifestyle, and had a family history of diabetes had a significantly high prevalence of diabetes (p-value < 0.0001). Age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) did not influence the prevalence of diabetes in TB patients. Conclusion The study revealed an increased occurrence of diabetes among patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB. Diabetes is more common in TB patients who smoke, have a sedentary lifestyle, and those who have a family history of diabetes. A comprehensive management plan shall be in place to cater to TB and diabetes comorbidity, including effective management of TB and optimal glycemic control.