Opportunities and Challenges of Lead-free Metal Halide Perovskites for Luminescence

Overview

Journal Chem Sci

Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry

Date 2025 Jan 15

PMID 39811002

Authors

Run Tan

Zhenyu Liu

Zhigang Zang

Shuangyi Zhao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been developed rapidly for application in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, solar cells, photodetectors and other fields in recent years due to their excellent photoelectronic properties, and they have attracted the attention of many researchers. Perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) show great promise for next-generation lighting and display technologies, and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of polycrystalline thin-film PeLEDs exceed 20%, which is undoubtedly a big breakthrough in lighting and display fields. However, the toxicity and instabilities of lead-based MHPs remain major obstacles limiting their further commercial applications. The exploration and development of lead-free MHPs (LFMHPs) are regarded as the most facile strategies to solve these problems. Compared with lead-based perovskites, LFMHPs exhibit better stabilities and broadband emission. With continuous development of LFMHPs, their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) have reached 99%, facilitating their use as ideal emitters. In this review, the structures and features of LFMHPs are analyzed, and the preparation methods of LFMHPs with various structures and configurations are discussed. Then, the mechanisms and strategies for improving the emission performance of white LEDs based on LFMHPs are demonstrated. Finally, their challenges in commercial production and perspectives are prospected.

References

Lim K, Kim H, Jeong J, Kim H, Kim J, Lee T . Boosting the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells using self-organized polymeric hole extraction layers with high work function. Adv Mater. 2014; 26(37):6461-6. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401775. View

Protesescu L, Yakunin S, Bodnarchuk M, Krieg F, Caputo R, Hendon C . Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX₃, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut. Nano Lett. 2015; 15(6):3692-6. PMC: 4462997. DOI: 10.1021/nl5048779. View

Li Z, Song G, Li Y, Wang L, Zhou T, Lin Z . Realizing Tunable White Light Emission in Lead-Free Indium(III) Bromine Hybrid Single Crystals through Antimony(III) Cation Doping. J Phys Chem Lett. 2020; 11(23):10164-10172. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03079. View

Liu X, Xu X, Li B, Yang L, Li Q, Jiang H . Tunable Dual-Emission in Monodispersed Sb /Mn Codoped Cs NaInCl Perovskite Nanocrystals through an Energy Transfer Process. Small. 2020; 16(31):e2002547. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002547. View

Hassan Y, Park J, Crawford M, Sadhanala A, Lee J, Sadighian J . Ligand-engineered bandgap stability in mixed-halide perovskite LEDs. Nature. 2021; 591(7848):72-77. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03217-8. View

Jiang J, Niu G, Sui L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Che L . Transformation between the Dark and Bright Self-Trapped Excitons in Lead-Free Double-Perovskite CsNaBiCl under Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett. 2021; 12(30):7285-7292. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02072. View

Tan Z, Saberi Moghaddam R, Lai M, Docampo P, Higler R, Deschler F . Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. Nat Nanotechnol. 2014; 9(9):687-92. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.149. View

Zhou C, Lin H, Tian Y, Yuan Z, Clark R, Chen B . Luminescent zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrids with near-unity quantum efficiency. Chem Sci. 2018; 9(3):586-593. PMC: 5870054. DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04539e. View

Schubert E, Kim J . Solid-state light sources getting smart. Science. 2005; 308(5726):1274-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.1108712. View

10.

Ma W, Qian Q, Qaid S, Zhao S, Liang D, Cai W . Water-Molecule-Induced Reversible Fluorescence in a One-Dimensional Mn-Based Hybrid Halide for Anticounterfeiting and Digital Encryption-Decryption. Nano Lett. 2023; 23(19):8932-8939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02356. View

11.

Ma Z, Shi Z, Yang D, Li Y, Zhang F, Wang L . High Color-Rendering Index and Stable White Light-Emitting Diodes by Assembling Two Broadband Emissive Self-Trapped Excitons. Adv Mater. 2020; 33(2):e2001367. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001367. View

12.

Zhang X, Wang H, Wang S, Hu Y, Liu X, Shi Z . Room Temperature Synthesis of All Inorganic Lead-Free Zero-Dimensional CsSnBr and CsKSnBr Perovskites. Inorg Chem. 2019; 59(1):533-538. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02806. View

13.

Su B, Molokeev M, Xia Z . Unveiling Mn Dopant States in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite toward Highly Efficient Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem Lett. 2020; 11(7):2510-2517. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00593. View

14.

Jun T, Sim K, Iimura S, Sasase M, Kamioka H, Kim J . Lead-Free Highly Efficient Blue-Emitting Cs Cu I with 0D Electronic Structure. Adv Mater. 2018; 30(43):e1804547. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804547. View

15.

Hao X, Liu H, Ding W, Zhang F, Li X, Wang S . Zn-Doped Lead-Free CsMnCl Nanocrystals Enable Efficient Red Emission with a High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield. J Phys Chem Lett. 2022; 13(21):4688-4694. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01199. View

16.

Yang B, Chen J, Yang S, Hong F, Sun L, Han P . Lead-Free Silver-Bismuth Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018; 57(19):5359-5363. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800660. View

17.

Lin R, Guo Q, Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Zheng W, Huang F . All-Inorganic CsCu I Single Crystal with High-PLQY (≈15.7%) Intrinsic White-Light Emission via Strongly Localized 1D Excitonic Recombination. Adv Mater. 2019; 31(46):e1905079. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905079. View

18.

Liao Q, Chen J, Zhou L, Wei T, Zhang L, Chen D . Bandgap Engineering of Lead-Free Double Perovskite CsAgInCl Nanocrystals via Cu-Doping. J Phys Chem Lett. 2020; 11(19):8392-8398. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02553. View

19.

Fan Q, Biesold-McGee G, Ma J, Xu Q, Pan S, Peng J . Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Crystal Structures, Synthesis, Stabilities, and Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2019; 59(3):1030-1046. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904862. View

20.

Locardi F, Cirignano M, Baranov D, Dang Z, Prato M, Drago F . Colloidal Synthesis of Double Perovskite CsAgInCl and Mn-Doped CsAgInCl Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc. 2018; 140(40):12989-12995. PMC: 6284204. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07983. View