Phenolic Extract from Olive Mill Wastewater Sustains Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Upon Oxidative Insult

Overview

Journal Food Chem (Oxf)

Date 2025 Jan 10

PMID 39791008

Authors

Iolanda Rita Infantino

Salvatore Antonio Maria Cubisino

Stefano Conti Nibali

Paola Foti

Marianna Flora Tomasello

Silvia Boninelli

Giuseppe Battiato

Andrea Magri

Angela Messina

Flora Valeria Romeo

Cinzia Caggia

Vito De Pinto

Simona Reina

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In the last few years, many efforts have been devoted to the recovery and valorization of olive oil by-products because of their potentially high biological value. The olive mill wastewater (OMWW), a dark-green brown colored liquid that mainly consists of fruit vegetation water, is particularly exploited in this regard for its great content in phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant properties. In our previous work, we produced different OMWW fractions enriched in hydroxytyrosol- and hydroxytyrosol/oleuropein (i.e. C and OPE extracts, respectively) that exhibited considerable anti-microbial and radical-scavenging activities in vitro. Based on these findings, the present study aimed to assess the impact of C and OPE samples on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress response in mouse fibroblast-like cells (NCTC). Accordingly, OMWW phenolic extracts proved to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and to reduce cellular sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, high-resolution respirometry experiments first time revealed the efficiency of OMWW phenols recovered by selective resin extraction in preventing mitochondrial respiration failure upon oxidative insult. Collected data definitely demonstrate the bioactivity of our phenolic-rich fractions, supporting the advantages of reusing the olive mill wastewater to generate, at low-cost, high added value molecules that could be useful for the improvement of health and nutrition products.

References

Juarez-Flores D, Ezquerra M, Gonzalez-Casacuberta I, Ormazabal A, Moren C, Tolosa E . Disrupted Mitochondrial and Metabolic Plasticity Underlie Comorbidity between Age-Related and Degenerative Disorders as Parkinson Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(11). PMC: 7693963. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111063. View

Singh R, Zahra W, Singh S, Birla H, Rathore A, Keshri P . Oleuropein confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease via BDNF/CREB/Akt pathway. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):2452. PMC: 9922328. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29287-4. View

Enaime G, Dababat S, Wichern M, Lubken M . Olive mill wastes: from wastes to resources. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024; 31(14):20853-20880. PMC: 10948480. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32468-x. View

Posadino A, Cossu A, Giordo R, Piscopo A, Abdel-Rahman W, Piga A . Antioxidant Properties of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Foods. 2021; 10(4). PMC: 8068214. DOI: 10.3390/foods10040800. View

Karkovic Markovic A, Toric J, Barbaric M, Jakobusic Brala C . Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules. 2019; 24(10). PMC: 6571782. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001. View

Zhu L, Liu Z, Feng Z, Hao J, Shen W, Li X . Hydroxytyrosol protects against oxidative damage by simultaneous activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and phase II detoxifying enzyme systems in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010; 21(11):1089-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.006. View

Livak K, Schmittgen T . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2002; 25(4):402-8. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262. View

Bucciantini M, Leri M, Nardiello P, Casamenti F, Stefani M . Olive Polyphenols: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021; 10(7). PMC: 8300823. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071044. View

Kelly D, Scarpulla R . Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Genes Dev. 2004; 18(4):357-68. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1177604. View

10.

Hao J, Shen W, Yu G, Jia H, Li X, Feng Z . Hydroxytyrosol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2009; 21(7):634-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.03.012. View

11.

Abu Shelbayeh O, Arroum T, Morris S, Busch K . PGC-1α Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023; 12(5). PMC: 10215733. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051075. View

12.

Doerrier C, Garcia-Souza L, Krumschnabel G, Wohlfarter Y, Meszaros A, Gnaiger E . High-Resolution FluoRespirometry and OXPHOS Protocols for Human Cells, Permeabilized Fibers from Small Biopsies of Muscle, and Isolated Mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol. 2018; 1782:31-70. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7831-1_3. View

13.

Olkhova E, Bradshaw C, Blain A, Alvim D, Turnbull D, LeBeau F . A novel mouse model of mitochondrial disease exhibits juvenile-onset severe neurological impairment due to parvalbumin cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Commun Biol. 2023; 6(1):1078. PMC: 10593770. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05238-7. View

14.

Foti P, Occhipinti P, Romeo F, Timpanaro N, Musumeci T, Randazzo C . Phenols recovered from olive mill wastewater as natural booster to fortify blood orange juice. Food Chem. 2022; 393:133428. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133428. View

15.

Reina S, Conti Nibali S, Tomasello M, Magri A, Messina A, De Pinto V . Voltage Dependent Anion Channel 3 (VDAC3) protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Redox Biol. 2022; 51:102264. PMC: 8857518. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102264. View

16.

Rahmani A, Almatroudi A, Allemailem K, Alharbi H, Babiker A, Althwab S . Oleuropein, a phenolic component of Olea europaea L. ameliorates CCl4-induced liver injury in rats through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024; 28(4):1259-1271. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35447. View

17.

Sun W, Wang X, Hou C, Yang L, Li H, Guo J . Oleuropein improves mitochondrial function to attenuate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuropharmacology. 2016; 113(Pt A):556-566. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.010. View

18.

Goya L, Mateos R, Bravo L . Effect of the olive oil phenol hydroxytyrosol on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Protection against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide. Eur J Nutr. 2007; 46(2):70-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0633-8. View

19.

Gallardo-Fernandez M, Hornedo-Ortega R, Alonso-Bellido I, Rodriguez-Gomez J, Troncoso A, Garcia-Parrilla M . Hydroxytyrosol Decreases LPS- and α-Synuclein-Induced Microglial Activation In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(1). PMC: 7022576. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010036. View

20.

Risiglione P, Leggio L, Cubisino S, Reina S, Paterno G, Marchetti B . High-Resolution Respirometry Reveals MPP Mitochondrial Toxicity Mechanism in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(21). PMC: 7659480. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217809. View