Dietary Patterns and Fibre Intake Are Associated with Disease Activity in Australian Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploratory Dietary Pattern Analysis

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2025 Jan 8

PMID 39770970

Authors

Denelle Cosier

Kelly Lambert

Karen Charlton

Marijka Batterham

Robert D Little

Nan Wu

Paris Tavakoli

Simon Ghaly

Joseph L Pipicella

Susan Connor

Steven Leach

Daniel A Lemberg

Yashar Houshyar

Thisun Jayawardana

Sabrina Koentgen

The Australian Ibd Microbiome Study Consortium

Georgina L Hold

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and disease activity in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and clinical and objective markers of inflammation in adults from the Australian IBD Microbiome Study.

Methods: Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) of baseline food frequency questionnaire data. Food intake was quantified using 3-day food record data. Associations between dietary intake and both clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and faecal calprotectin (FCP) were analysed.

Results: Participants included 412 adults (IBD = 223, Healthy controls (HC) = 189). Both cohorts consumed poor-quality diets with inadequate servings of most food groups compared to Australian reference standards. IBD participants without FCP inflammation had significantly higher fibre intake than those with moderate FCP. In the Crohn's Disease group, high adherence to 'High plant diversity' and 'Meat eaters' dietary patterns were associated with increased CDAI and FCP, respectively. In the combined IBD cohort, high adherence to a 'Vegan-style' dietary pattern was associated with increased FCP.

Conclusions: There is a need for dietary modifications among Australian adults, both with and without IBD, to improve dietary fibre intake and adherence to dietary guidelines. Dietary patterns characterised by a high intake of plant foods or meat products were both positively associated with indicators of active IBD. It is possible that some participants with active IBD were modifying their diet to try to manage their disease and reduce symptoms, contributing to the association between healthier dietary patterns and active disease. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to expand upon the findings. This study offers a unique contribution by utilising FCP as an objective marker of intestinal inflammation and applying dietary pattern analysis to investigate the relationship between diet and inflammatory markers.

References

Rothwell J, Perez-Jimenez J, Neveu V, Medina-Remon A, Mhiri N, Garcia-Lobato P . Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database (Oxford). 2013; 2013:bat070. PMC: 3792339. DOI: 10.1093/database/bat070. View

Peters V, Tigchelaar-Feenstra E, Imhann F, Dekens J, Swertz M, Franke L . Habitual dietary intake of IBD patients differs from population controls: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr. 2020; 60(1):345-356. PMC: 7867519. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02250-z. View

Fitzpatrick J, Melton S, Yao C, Gibson P, Halmos E . Dietary management of adults with IBD - the emerging role of dietary therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022; 19(10):652-669. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00619-5. View

Newby P, Tucker K . Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review. Nutr Rev. 2004; 62(5):177-203. DOI: 10.1301/nr.2004.may.177-203. View

Vieira A, Fang C, Rolim E, Klug W, Steinwurz F, Rossini L . Inflammatory bowel disease activity assessed by fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin: correlation with laboratory parameters, clinical, endoscopic and histological indexes. BMC Res Notes. 2009; 2:221. PMC: 2778651. DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-221. View

Devlin U, McNulty B, Nugent A, Gibney M . The use of cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns: methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012; 71(4):599-609. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665112000729. View

Holt D, Strauss B, Moore G . Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their treating clinicians have different views regarding diet. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016; 30(1):66-72. DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12400. View

Limketkai B, Hamideh M, Shah R, Sauk J, Jaffe N . Dietary Patterns and Their Association With Symptoms Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022; 28(11):1627-1636. DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab335. View

Williams A, Paramsothy R, Wu N, Ghaly S, Leach S, Paramsothy S . Australia IBD Microbiome (AIM) Study: protocol for a multicentre longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021; 11(2):e042493. PMC: 7888320. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042493. View

10.

Wagenaar C, van de Put M, Bisschops M, Walrabenstein W, de Jonge C, Herrema H . The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Relation to the Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(9). PMC: 8464906. DOI: 10.3390/nu13093208. View

11.

Kamp K, Pennings B, Javelli D, Wyatt G, Given B . Dietary patterns, beliefs and behaviours among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020; 34(2):257-264. PMC: 7736258. DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12786. View

12.

Peters V, Spooren C, Pierik M, Weersma R, van Dullemen H, Festen E . Dietary Intake Pattern is Associated with Occurrence of Flares in IBD Patients. J Crohns Colitis. 2021; 15(8):1305-1315. DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab008. View

13.

Thorpe M, Milte C, Crawford D, McNaughton S . A comparison of the dietary patterns derived by principal component analysis and cluster analysis in older Australians. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016; 13:30. PMC: 4772350. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0353-2. View

14.

Devlen J, Beusterien K, Yen L, Ahmed A, Cheifetz A, Moss A . The burden of inflammatory bowel disease: a patient-reported qualitative analysis and development of a conceptual model. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014; 20(3):545-52. PMC: 3932523. DOI: 10.1097/01.MIB.0000440983.86659.81. View

15.

Diez-Ozaeta I, Astiazaran O . Fermented foods: An update on evidence-based health benefits and future perspectives. Food Res Int. 2022; 156:111133. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111133. View

16.

Yamamoto T, Shiraki M, Bamba T, Umegae S, Matsumoto K . Faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin as markers for monitoring disease activity and predicting clinical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease after ileocolonic resection: A prospective pilot study. United European Gastroenterol J. 2014; 1(5):368-74. PMC: 4040769. DOI: 10.1177/2050640613501818. View

17.

Mumme K, Conlon C, von Hurst P, Jones B, Stonehouse W, Heath A . Dietary Patterns, Their Nutrients, and Associations with Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors in Older New Zealand Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12(11). PMC: 7695209. DOI: 10.3390/nu12113425. View

18.

Wada Y, Hisamatsu T, Naganuma M, Matsuoka K, Okamoto S, Inoue N . Risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr. 2015; 34(6):1202-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.01.003. View

19.

Hebden L, Kostan E, OLeary F, Hodge A, Allman-Farinelli M . Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire as a measure of recent dietary intake in young adults. PLoS One. 2013; 8(9):e75156. PMC: 3776736. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075156. View

20.

Bassaganya-Riera J, DiGuardo M, Viladomiu M, de Horna A, Sanchez S, Einerhand A . Soluble fibers and resistant starch ameliorate disease activity in interleukin-10-deficient mice with inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr. 2011; 141(7):1318-25. DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.139022. View