Assessment of Change in Enamel Color and Surface Hardness Following the Use of ICON Resin Infiltration and Remineralizing Agent: An In Vitro Study

Overview

Journal Materials (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Date 2025 Jan 8

PMID 39769630

Authors

Naif Almosa

Khalid Alaman

Fares Alkhudairi

Muhannad Alhaqbani

Mohammed Alshalawi

Rahaf Zawawi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the change in enamel color and surface micro-hardness following the use of resin-infiltration concept material (ICON) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) remineralizing agent. Fifty-four extracted human third molars were collected and randomly divided into three groups: group A: control with no surface treatment; group B: treated using ICON; and group C: treated using CPP-ACFP. The change in color and micro-hardness of the enamel surface were measured using spectrophotometer and Vickers hardness number, respectively. The measurements were taken at three timelines; baseline (BL), after demineralization (DM), and after surface treatment (TX). The three groups showed no significant differences in enamel color change after demineralization ( < 0.05). However, after surface treatment in relation to the baseline, groups B and C had a significant increase in color change compared to the control group ( < 0.05), and group B showed a statistically significant increase in enamel color changes compared to group C. Additionally, all groups exhibited a significant reduction in enamel micro-hardness after demineralization in comparison to their baseline ( < 0.05). Group C showed a significant increase in micro-hardness after surface treatment compared to groups A and B ( < 0.05), while group B showed a significant decrease in enamel micro-hardness compared to groups A and C ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that teeth treated with CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) show a significant improvement in enamel surface color after demineralization compared to the teeth treated with resin infiltration (ICON) and the non-treated teeth. Additionally, enamel surfaces treated with CPP-ACFP show significant enamel hardness regaining, while resin infiltration (ICON) compromises enamel surface hardness.

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