Embleporicin: A Novel Class I Lanthipeptide from the Actinobacteria Sp. NF3

Genome mining has emerged as a revolutionary tool for discovering new ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in various genomes. Recently, these approaches have been used to detect and explore unique environments as sources of RiPP-producing microorganisms, particularly focusing on endophytic microorganisms found in medicinal plants. Some endophytic actinobacteria, especially strains of , are notable examples of peptide producers, as specific biosynthetic clusters encode them. To uncover the genetic potential of these organisms, we analyzed the genome of the endophytic actinobacterium sp. NF3 using genome mining and bioinformatics tools. Our analysis led to the identification of a putative class I lanthipeptide. We cloned the core biosynthetic genes of this putative lanthipeptide, named embleporicin, and expressed them in vitro using a cell-free protein system (CFPS). The resulting product demonstrated antimicrobial activity against ATCC 9341. This represents the first RiPP reported in the genus and the first actinobacterial lanthipeptide produced through cell-free technology.