The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A...

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2025 Jan 8

PMID 39765817

Authors

Kyung-Hyun Cho

Yunki Lee

Ashutosh Bahuguna

Sang Hyuk Lee

Chae-Eun Yang

Ji-Eun Kim

Hyo-Shin Kwon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The prolonged consumption of D-galactose (Gal) has been associated with severe damage in the liver and brain via exacerbation of oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation, and the aging process. The current study was initiated for a comparative assessment of beeswax alcohol (BWA, final 0.5% and 1.0% /) and coenzyme Q (CoQ, final 0.5% and 1.0% /) against high-cholesterol (HC, final 4%, /) and -galactose (Gal, final 30%, /)-induced adverse events in zebrafish during 24 weeks of consumption. The survivability of zebrafish decreased to 82.1% due to HC+Gal exposure, but this was substantially improved (91.0%) with the consumption of 0.5% and 1.0% BWA. In contrast, no protective effect of CoQ consumption (1.0%) was observed on the survivability of zebrafish. Nevertheless, both BWA and CoQ displayed a significant ( < 0.001) preventive effect against HC+Gal-induced body weight enhancement. The HC+Gal-induced cognitive changes, marked by staggered and confused swimming behavior, and retarded swimming speed and motion patterns (restricted to the bottom of the tank), were efficiently restored by BWA. A significantly higher residence time in the upper half of the tank, 3.1-and 4.5-fold reduced latency time along with 3.5-fold and 4.1-fold higher swimming distance, was logged in the 0.5% and 1.0% BWA groups, respectively, than the zebrafish that consumed HC+Gal. In addition, BWA effectively enhanced plasma ferric ion reduction (FRA) and paraoxonase (PON) activity and alleviated the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose levels disrupted by the consumption of HC+Gal. Also, the HC+Gal-alleviated plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 2.6-fold ( < 0.001) enhanced in the group that consumed 1.0% BWA, which was significantly 1.5-fold ( < 0.001) better than the effect of 1.0% CoQ. Similarly, BWA displayed a superior impact over CoQ to mitigate HC+Gal-induced plasma AST and ALT levels, hepatic IL-6 production, generation of oxidized species, cellular senescence, and fatty liver changes. Moreover, BWA protects the brain against HC+Gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and myelin sheath degeneration. Conclusively, compared to CoQ, BWA efficiently can the HC+Gal-impaired brain and liver functionality to subside and improves the dyslipidemia and cognitive behavior of zebrafish.

Citing Articles

Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with....

Cho K, Bahuguna A, Kim J, Lee Y, Lee S, Jeon C Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025; 18(1).

PMID: 39861080 PMC: 11769329. DOI: 10.3390/ph18010017.

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