Validity and Reliability of the Step Test to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Pediatric Population

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2025 Jan 2

PMID 39747315

Authors

Gerardo Weisstaub

Jose Gonzalez

Ignacio Orizola

Juan Borquez

Matias Monsalves-Alvarez

Lydia Lera

Rodrigo Troncoso

Carlos Sepulveda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VOmax of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice. A cross-sectional study included 242 children and adolescents (42.1% girls) aged 8-16. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximal incremental test on a treadmill until exhaustion. The step test entailed maintaining a steady pace of 22 steps per minute for 3 min (60 bpm), with the heart rate being recorded at the end of the test. Nutritional status was computed through BMI z-score. A multiple linear regression model validated the step test and developed a new equation to predict VOmax, including the third-minute heart rate, weight, and height. The reliability among predicted and measured VOmax was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. The mean age was 12.5 ± 2.6; 51.6% were overweight or obese. The cardiorespiratory fitness measured as VOmax was 35.01 ± 0.58 ml·min-·kg. A robust correlation was observed between the predicted VOmax from the step test and the measured VOmax (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis indicated statistical concordance between predicted and measured VOmax. Our findings indicate that the step test protocol is valid and reliable for estimating VOmax in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the predictive equation is suitable for application among children aged 8-16.

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