Radiographic Evaluation of the Prevalence of External Root Resorption in Patients With Periodontitis in Indore: A Cross-Sectional Study

Overview

Journal Cureus

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Dec 26

PMID 39723300

Authors

Parul Jain

Veena Kalburgi

Ashish Kumar Jain

Madhvika Patidar

Prerna R Batham

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective Permanent teeth roots undergo resorption under pathologic conditions such as trauma, orthodontic treatment, pulpal infections, periodontitis, and periodontal therapy. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of external root resorption (ERR) in patients with periodontitis as seen in orthopantomography (OPGs). Methodology This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022, including 656 orthopantomographs (OPGs) from patients with periodontitis. OPGs were evaluated based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. ERR was assessed across mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis cases (Stage I/II/III/IV according to the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology) in both localized and generalized periodontitis and in cases of horizontal and vertical bone loss/defects. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented as numbers, percentages, and mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The study analyzed 656 subjects, with 226 (34.5%) showing external root resorption (ERR). ERR prevalence was higher among males (122, 38.6%) compared to females (104, 30.6%) (p = 0.031). ERR was more common in subjects with vertical bone loss (105, 49.1%) than those without (121, 27.4%) (p < 0.001) and in those with horizontal bone defects (55, 45.8%) compared to those without (171, 31.9%) (p = 0.004). By periodontitis severity, ERR occurred in Stage I (61, 21.2%), Stage II (108, 37.4%), and Stage III/IV (57, 72.2%) (p = 0.001). Localized periodontitis showed higher ERR prevalence (40, 44.0%) than generalized periodontitis (186, 32.9%) (p = 0.040). Age was not significantly associated with ERR (p = 0.423). Conclusion ERR was significantly associated with the severity of periodontitis, localized and generalized periodontitis, and horizontal and vertical bone defects. Prompt diagnosis and treatment planning are essential for preserving teeth affected by ERR, thereby supporting masticatory function, aesthetics, self-esteem, and the overall oral health-related quality of life for patients.

References

Kazor C, Wang H . Molar root anatomy and management of furcation defects. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28(8):730-40. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.280803.x. View

Al-Khateeb T, Bataineh A . Pathology associated with impacted mandibular third molars in a group of Jordanians. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006; 64(11):1598-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.102. View

Henry J, WEINMANN J . The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum. J Am Dent Assoc. 1951; 42(3):270-90. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1951.0045. View

Ne R, Witherspoon D, Gutmann J . Tooth resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999; 30(1):9-25. View

Ericson S, Bjerklin K, Falahat B . Does the canine dental follicle cause resorption of permanent incisor roots? A computed tomographic study of erupting maxillary canines. Angle Orthod. 2002; 72(2):95-104. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0095:DTCDFC>2.0.CO;2. View

Mahajan A, Kolte A, Kolte R, Agrawal A . Dimensional Evaluation of Root Resorption Areas in Differing Severity of Chronic Periodontitis: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017; 8(3):433-438. PMC: 5644003. DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_512_17. View

Bosshardt D, Schroeder H . How repair cementum becomes attached to the resorbed roots of human permanent teeth. Acta Anat (Basel). 1994; 150(4):253-66. DOI: 10.1159/000147628. View

Kinane D, Peterson M, Stathopoulou P . Environmental and other modifying factors of the periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2006; 40:107-19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00136.x. View

Galler K, Gratz E, Widbiller M, Buchalla W, Knuttel H . Pathophysiological mechanisms of root resorption after dental trauma: a systematic scoping review. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21(1):163. PMC: 7995728. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01510-6. View

10.

Takeuchi N, Yamamoto T . Correlation between periodontal status and biting force in patients with chronic periodontitis during the maintenance phase of therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2008; 35(3):215-20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01186.x. View

11.

Rodriguez-Pato R . Root resorption in chronic periodontitis: a morphometrical study. J Periodontol. 2004; 75(7):1027-32. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.7.1027. View

12.

Crespo Vazquez E, Crespo Abelleira A, Suarez Quintanilla J, Rodriguez Cobos M . Correlation between occlusal contact and root resorption in teeth with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res. 2010; 46(1):82-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01315.x. View

13.

Page R, Schroeder H . Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work. Lab Invest. 1976; 34(3):235-49. View

14.

Lopez N, Giqoux C, Canales M . Histological differences between teeth with adult periodontitis and prepubertal periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1990; 61(2):87-94. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1990.61.2.87. View

15.

Stamfelj I, Vidmar G, Cvetko E, Gaspersic D . Cementum thickness in multirooted human molars: a histometric study by light microscopy. Ann Anat. 2008; 190(2):129-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2007.10.006. View

16.

Allen P . Assessment of oral health related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003; 1:40. PMC: 201012. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-1-40. View

17.

Dastmalchi R, POLSON A, Bouwsma O, Proskin H . Cementum thickness and mesial drift. J Clin Periodontol. 1990; 17(10):709-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01058.x. View

18.

Hajian-Tilaki K, Heidari B, Hajian-Tilaki A . Health Related Quality of Life and Its Socio-Demographic Determinants among Iranian Elderly People: a Population Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Caring Sci. 2017; 6(1):39-47. PMC: 5348661. DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2017.005. View

19.

Harvey B, ZANDER H . Root surface resorption of periodontally diseased teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1959; 12:1439-43. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(59)90264-6. View

20.

Papapanou P, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine D . Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018; 89 Suppl 1:S173-S182. DOI: 10.1002/JPER.17-0721. View