Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for Carbon Dioxide Utilization

The escalating climate crisis underscores the urgent need for sustainable development, with CO utilization emerging as a pivotal approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Among various technological approaches, metabolic engineering of microorganisms for CO utilization offers significant potential. This review covers the engineering of endogenous CO fixation pathways, the construction of novel synthetic pathways, and strategies to optimize metabolic flux, enhance cofactor availability, and manipulate regulatory genes to improve CO assimilation efficiency. It also explores the roles of evolutionary engineering, enzyme engineering, and CO concentrating mechanisms in improving CO fixation. Additionally, the review underscores advancements in converting CO into valuable products such as biofuels, bioplastics, and chemicals using both native and synthetic autotrophic microorganisms.