Dynamic Rasterstereography Improves the Detection of Movement Delays and Dynamic Asymmetries in the Scapulothoracic Kinematic of Healthy Subjects

Overview

Journal J Exp Orthop

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2024 Dec 19

PMID 39697991

Authors

Richard Julius Freytag

Jonas Wilhelm Moss

Filippo Maria Piana Jacquot

Jakob Zapatka

Rebecca Herrmann

Mahmoud Ragab

Sebastian Scheidt

Davide Cucchi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Assessing scapulothoracic kinematics typically involves visually observing patients during movement, which has limited inter- and intraobserver reliability. Dynamic rasterstereography (DRS) records, measures and visualizes surface structures in real time, using a curvature map to colour-code convex, concave and saddle-shaped structures on the body surface. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DRS-assisted observation in identifying dyskinetic scapulothoracic patterns.

Methods: Thirty-seven healthy participants performed shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension cycles without additional weight, recorded using both DRS and a conventional video camera. A metronome ensured consistent timing, and for DRS a grid of parallel light rays projected onto the back surface was captured using indirect optical measurement techniques. The mean surface curvature was converted into a colour scale. The diagnostic performance of conventional and DRS videos in detecting dyskinetic patterns, including static asymmetries, dynamic asymmetries, motion delays and rapid compensatory movements, were compared. Two investigators independently evaluated the videos twice in a blinded and randomized sequence to assess intra- and interrater reproducibility.

Results: Analysis of 118 videos showed good-to-excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility for both techniques (ICCs 0.727-0.949). Movement delays and dynamic asymmetries were observed more frequently when evaluating DRS videos rather than conventional videos ( = 0.0008 and = 0.0016). However, no differences were found in static asymmetry and rapid compensatory movement detection.

Conclusions: DRS can create a real-time model of the trunk surface and allows observers to evaluate the scapular movements with good-to-excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility; compared to clinical observation, some specific scapular motion alterations can be observed more frequently. Part of the DRKS00022334 trial.

Level Of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

References

Nieminen H, Niemi J, Takala E, Viikari-Juntura E . Load-sharing patterns in the shoulder during isometric flexion tasks. J Biomech. 1995; 28(5):555-66. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(94)00107-f. View

McClure P, Tate A, Kareha S, Irwin D, Zlupko E . A clinical method for identifying scapular dyskinesis, part 1: reliability. J Athl Train. 2009; 44(2):160-4. PMC: 2657031. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.160. View

Paletta Jr G, Warner J, Warren R, Deutsch A, Altchek D . Shoulder kinematics with two-plane x-ray evaluation in patients with anterior instability or rotator cuff tearing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998; 6(6):516-27. DOI: 10.1016/s1058-2746(97)90084-7. View

Willner S . Moiré topography for the diagnosis and documentation of scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979; 50(3):295-302. DOI: 10.3109/17453677908989770. View

Salamh P, Hanney W, Boles T, Holmes D, McMillan A, Wagner A . Is it Time to Normalize Scapular Dyskinesis? The Incidence of Scapular Dyskinesis in Those With and Without Symptoms: a Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023; V18(3):558-576. PMC: 10324350. DOI: 10.26603/001c.74388. View

Terheyden J, Wetterkamp M, Gosheger G, Lange T, Schulze Bovingloh A, Schulte T . Rasterstereography versus radiography for assessing shoulder balance in idiopathic scoliosis: A validation study relative to patients' self-image. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2018; 31(6):1049-1057. DOI: 10.3233/BMR-170867. View

De Groot J . The variability of shoulder motions recorded by means of palpation. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2001; 12(7-8):461-472. DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00031-4. View

Frobin W, Hierholzer E . Analysis of human back shape using surface curvatures. J Biomech. 1982; 15(5):379-90. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(82)90059-8. View

Shaheen A, Alexander C, Bull A . Effects of attachment position and shoulder orientation during calibration on the accuracy of the acromial tracker. J Biomech. 2011; 44(7):1410-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.013. View

10.

Shah N, Shimpi A, Rairikar S, Ashok S, Sancheti P . Presence of scapular dysfunction in dominant shoulder of professional guitar players. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2016; 22(3):422-5. DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1154720. View

11.

Krott N, Wild M, Betsch M . Meta-analysis of the validity and reliability of rasterstereographic measurements of spinal posture. Eur Spine J. 2020; 29(9):2392-2401. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06402-x. View

12.

Schulte T, Hierholzer E, Boerke A, Lerner T, Liljenqvist U, Bullmann V . Raster stereography versus radiography in the long-term follow-up of idiopathic scoliosis. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008; 21(1):23-8. DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e318057529b. View

13.

Preziosi Standoli J, Fratalocchi F, Candela V, Preziosi Standoli T, Giannicola G, Bonifazi M . Scapular Dyskinesis in Young, Asymptomatic Elite Swimmers. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018; 6(1):2325967117750814. PMC: 5865520. DOI: 10.1177/2325967117750814. View

14.

Ben Kibler W, Uhl T, Maddux J, Brooks P, Zeller B, McMullen J . Qualitative clinical evaluation of scapular dysfunction: a reliability study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002; 11(6):550-6. DOI: 10.1067/mse.2002.126766. View

15.

Drerup B, Hierholzer E . Automatic localization of anatomical landmarks on the back surface and construction of a body-fixed coordinate system. J Biomech. 1987; 20(10):961-70. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90325-3. View

16.

Johansson A, Svantesson U, Tannerstedt J, Alricsson M . Prevalence of shoulder pain in Swedish flatwater kayakers and its relation to range of motion and scapula stability of the shoulder joint. J Sports Sci. 2015; 34(10):951-8. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1080852. View

17.

Berckmans K, Castelein B, Borms D, Palmans T, Parlevliet T, Cools A . Analysis of Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activity by Use of Fine-Wire Electrodes During Shoulder Exercises. Am J Sports Med. 2020; 48(5):1213-1219. DOI: 10.1177/0363546520908604. View

18.

Hickey D, Solvig V, Cavalheri V, Harrold M, McKenna L . Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017; 52(2):102-110. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097559. View

19.

Hackenberg L, Hierholzer E, Bullmann V, Liljenqvist U, Gotze C . Rasterstereographic analysis of axial back surface rotation in standing versus forward bending posture in idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2006; 15(7):1144-9. PMC: 3233931. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-005-0057-9. View

20.

Park J, Hwang J, Oh K, Kim S, Kim N, Cha M . Revisit to scapular dyskinesis: three-dimensional wing computed tomography in prone position. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013; 23(6):821-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.08.016. View