Physiopathological Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer's Disease: a Narrative Review

Overview

Journal Dement Neuropsychol

Date 2024 Dec 19

PMID 39697643

Authors

Eliasz Engelhardt

Elisa de Paula Franca Resende

Karina Braga Gomes

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The neuropathological signature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises mainly amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in synaptic and neuronal loss. These pathological structures stem from amyloid dysfunctional metabolism according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, leading to the formation of plaques, and apparently inducing the initiation of the abnormal tau pathway, with phosphorylation and aggregation of these proteins, ultimately causing the formation of tangles. In this narrative review, the existing hypothesis related to the pathophysiology of AD were compiled, and biological pathways were highlighted in order to identify the molecules that could represent biological markers of the disease, necessary to establish early diagnosis, as well as the selection of patients for therapeutical interventional strategies.

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