High-intensity Interval Training or Lactate Administration Combined with Aerobic Training Enhances Visceral Fat Loss While Promoting VMH Neuroplasticity in Female Rats

Overview

Journal Lipids Health Dis

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Biochemistry
Endocrinology

Date 2024 Dec 19

PMID 39696579

Authors

Baishuo Cheng

Jinchan Du

Shuai Tian

Zixiong Zhang

Wei Chen

Yang Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIT) does not burn fat during exercise. However, it significantly reduces visceral adipose after long-term training. The underlying mechanism may be related to the elevation of fat consumption during the post-exercise recovery period, which is regulated by the hypothalamus-adipose axis. Lactate is a hallmark metabolite of high-intensity exercise, which could mediate significant neuroplasticity through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway. However, whether HIT could enhance hypothalamus activity and adipose catabolism in the recovery period remains to be elucidated. Also, it is worth exploring whether adding lactate administration to prolonged, continuous submaximal aerobic training (AT) could simulate HIT-induced neuroplastic effects and fat loss.

Methods: First, we compared the influence of 4-week HIT and aerobic training (AT) on the electrophysiology of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which is deeply involved in the regulation of lipolysis, as well as the 24-hour excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), the fat oxidation rate and lipolysis. To further confirm whether excess lactate during AT could reproduce the effect of HIT, we also observed the effects of lactate infusion during AT (AT + Lac) on neuroplasticity and metabolism.

Results: Four-week HIT induced higher BDNF expression and a higher neuronal spike firing rate in VMH than AT, accompanied by elevated EPOC, fat oxidation and visceral fat lipolysis. AT + Lac and HITT could induce similar hypothalamic and metabolic changes. However, power spectral density analysis of local field potentials (LFPs) showed that the AT + Lac group was affected in fewer frequency bands than the HIT group.

Conclusion: HIT-induced reduction of visceral fat was accompanied by increased VMH activity. Adding lactate administration to AT could partially reproduce hypothalamic plasticity and the metabolic effects of HIT. However, different band changes of LFPs implied that the neuronal subpopulations or pathways influenced by these two methods were not entirely consistent.

References

Peronnet F, Massicotte D . Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can J Sport Sci. 1991; 16(1):23-9. View

Moniz S, Islam H, Hazell T . Mechanistic and methodological perspectives on the impact of intense interval training on post-exercise metabolism. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019; 30(4):638-651. DOI: 10.1111/sms.13610. View

Muller P, Duderstadt Y, Lessmann V, Muller N . Lactate and BDNF: Key Mediators of Exercise Induced Neuroplasticity?. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(4). PMC: 7230639. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041136. View

Zhang H, Tong T, Kong Z, Shi Q, Liu Y, Nie J . Exercise training-induced visceral fat loss in obese women: The role of training intensity and modality. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020; 31(1):30-43. DOI: 10.1111/sms.13803. View

Dupuit M, Maillard F, Pereira B, Marquezi M, Lancha Jr A, Boisseau N . Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta-analysis. Exp Physiol. 2020; 105(9):1470-1490. DOI: 10.1113/EP088654. View

Balkan B, van Dijk G, Strubbe J, Bruggink J, Steffens A . Exercise-induced sympathetic FFA mobilization in VMH-lesioned rats is normalized by fasting. Am J Physiol. 1992; 262(6 Pt 2):R981-5. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.6.R981. View

Sun L, Li F, Li T, Min Z, Yang L, Gao H . Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats. Pflugers Arch. 2020; 472(2):245-258. DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02351-y. View

Brooks G . The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory. Cell Metab. 2018; 27(4):757-785. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008. View

Judice P, Sardinha L, Silva A . Variance in respiratory quotient among daily activities and its association with obesity status. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020; 45(1):217-224. DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0591-x. View

10.

Rabinowitz J, Enerback S . Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism. Nat Metab. 2020; 2(7):566-571. PMC: 7983055. DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0243-4. View

11.

Makino A, Yamaguchi K, Sumi D, Ichikawa M, Ohno M, Goto K . Comparison of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between walking and running in men and women. Phys Act Nutr. 2022; 26(1):8-13. PMC: 9081357. DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0002. View

12.

Guo Y, Zhang Q, Yang D, Chen P, Xiao W . HIIT Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Sympathetic Nerve Density to Induce Adipose Tissue Browning in T2DM Mice. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(3). PMC: 10968334. DOI: 10.3390/biom14030246. View

13.

Brooks G, Osmond A, Arevalo J, Duong J, Curl C, Moreno-Santillan D . Lactate as a myokine and exerkine: drivers and signals of physiology and metabolism. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023; 134(3):529-548. PMC: 9970662. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2022. View

14.

Rossi M . Control of energy homeostasis by the lateral hypothalamic area. Trends Neurosci. 2023; 46(9):738-749. PMC: 10524917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.010. View

15.

Li V, He Y, Contrepois K, Liu H, Kim J, Wiggenhorn A . An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. Nature. 2022; 606(7915):785-790. PMC: 9767481. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5. View

16.

Rodriguez-Gutierrez E, Torres-Costoso A, Saz-Lara A, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Guzman-Pavon M, Sanchez-Lopez M . Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023; 34(1):e14496. DOI: 10.1111/sms.14496. View

17.

Fournier P, Brau L, Fairchild T, Raja G, James A, Palmer T . Glycogen resynthesis in the absence of food ingestion during recovery from moderate or high intensity physical activity: novel insights from rat and human studies. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002; 133(3):755-63. DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00254-4. View

18.

Maekawa F, Fujiwara K, Toriya M, Maejima Y, Nishio T, Toyoda Y . Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in VMH as the causal factor for and therapeutic tool to treat visceral adiposity and hyperleptinemia in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2013; 5:7. PMC: 3788348. DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2013.00007. View

19.

Hazell T, Olver T, Hamilton C, Lemon P W . Two minutes of sprint-interval exercise elicits 24-hr oxygen consumption similar to that of 30 min of continuous endurance exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012; 22(4):276-83. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.276. View

20.

Coco M, Buscemi A, Ramaci T, Tusak M, Di Corrado D, Perciavalle V . Influences of Blood Lactate Levels on Cognitive Domains and Physical Health during a Sports Stress. Brief Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(23). PMC: 7729439. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239043. View