Relatively Lower BMI-adjusted Calf Circumference is Associated with Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype in Non-obese Adults: a Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal BMC Public Health

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Public Health

Date 2024 Dec 19

PMID 39695513

Authors

Xiaotong Wang

Na Ta

Shan Hu

Yawen Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO) individuals are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, while not receiving sufficient attention. This study was conducted to explore the association between BMI-adjusted CC and MUNO in non-obese US adults using the NHANES database.

Methods: A total of 9,628 non-obese US adults (48.01% female and 51.99% male) were included in this cross-sectional study. The metabolically unhealthy phenotype was defined as ≥ 2 components of metabolic abnormalities. BMI-adjusted CC and BMI-adjusted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were divided into quartiles. Weighted multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the study aims. The relation between BMI-adjusted CC and BMI-adjusted SMM was tested by Spearman correlation.

Results: In the multivariate analysis, compared with the lowest quartile of BMI-adjusted CC and BMI-adjusted SMM, OR (95%CI) of the highest quartile was 0.30 (0.25, 0.35) (P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001) and 0.39 (0.29, 0.53) (P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001), respectively. BMI-adjusted CC was positively correlated with BMI-adjusted SMM for all participants (r = 0.48). A weak non-linear association was observed in BMI-adjusted CC and MUNO (P = 0.047). Similar results were observed in sex- and BMI-specific subgroup and sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion: BMI-adjusted CC was inversely associated with MUNO, suggesting more attention should be paid to monitoring BMI-adjusted CC for the public to ease the disease burden, especially for people without obesity.

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