A Systematic Review and Individual Bacterial Species Level Meta-analysis of in Vitro Studies on the Efficacy of Ceftazidime/avibactam Combined with Other Antimicrobials Against Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria

Overview

Journal J Antimicrob Chemother

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2024 Dec 18

PMID 39691958

Authors

Getnet M Assefa

Jason A Roberts

Abdullah T Aslan

Solomon A Mohammed

Fekade B Sime

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) develop resistance to many antimicrobials. To effectively manage infections caused by these organisms, novel agents and/or combinations of antimicrobials are required.

Objectives: Evaluated the in vitro efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in combination with other antimicrobials against CR-GNB.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were searched. Study outcomes were quantified by counting the number of isolates exhibiting synergy, defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5 for checkerboard and Etest, and a >2 log cfu/mL reduction for time-kill studies. The proportion of synergy was calculated as the ratio of isolates exhibiting synergy to the total number of isolates tested. These proportions were analysed using a random-effects model, following the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation.

Results: Forty-five in vitro studies were included. A total of 734 isolates were tested, and 69.3% of them were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam. The combination of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam showed a high synergy rate against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (effect size, ES = 0.91-0.98) and Escherichia coli (ES = 0.75-1.00). Ceftazidime/avibactam also demonstrated a high synergy rate (ES = 1) in time-kill studies when combined with azithromycin, fosfomycin and gentamicin against K. pneumoniae. Compared to ceftazidime/avibactam alone, a higher bactericidal rate was reported when ceftazidime/avibactam was combined with other antimicrobials against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (57% versus 31%) and E. coli (93% versus 0%).

Conclusions: Ceftazidime/avibactam frequently demonstrates synergistic bactericidal activity when combined with various antimicrobials against CR-GNB in in vitro tests. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to validate the utility of ceftazidime/avibactam-based combination regimens for CR-GNB infections.

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